3 Flashcards
(15 cards)
Who believed that a nation was a socially constructed community?
Anderson
Anderson’s concept emphasizes the imagined nature of nations.
What did nationalism seek to convince individuals to do?
Merge their hopes and dreams with those of an imagined community
Nationalism often aims to unify diverse groups under a common identity.
What concept do some historians refer to when discussing the idea that a nation is not a real community?
Imagined community
This term highlights the perception of shared identity despite a lack of personal connections.
What was used by governments to develop a sense of national identity?
Propaganda
Propaganda often emphasized heroic traditions or historical events.
What term refers to the phenomenon of making historical events or figures appear more important than they were?
‘Invented tradition’
This concept suggests that traditions may be created or exaggerated to foster national identity.
What is often the cause of conflict in the Middle East?
A struggle over the area called Palestine
This struggle involves competing claims from Arab and Jewish nationalisms.
What two forces of nationalism rose in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
Arab nationalism and Jewish nationalism (Zionism)
These movements emerged in response to colonialism and the desire for self-determination.
Which war exacerbated tensions in the Middle East due to superpower involvement?
The Cold War
Both the United States and the Soviet Union provided military support to various factions in the region.
What major resource attracted global interest in the Middle East?
Oil
Oil has been a critical factor in geopolitical strategies and conflicts in the region.
What empire controlled most of the Middle East, including Palestine, at the end of the 19th century?
The Ottoman Empire
The decline of the Ottoman Empire contributed to the rise of nationalist sentiments among its subjects.
What opportunity did Arab nationalists see during the First World War?
To break away and establish an independent Arab state
The war created a power vacuum that nationalists sought to exploit.
Who sent a series of letters to Sharif Husayn of Mecca promising British support for Arab independence?
McMahon
These letters were part of Britain’s strategy to weaken the Ottoman Empire during the war.
In which years did the Arab revolt against the Turks begin?
1916
The revolt was supported by British military forces.
What was the outcome of the Arab revolt with British assistance?
They defeated the Turks
This victory led to increased expectations for Arab independence.
Fill in the blank: The area that was called _______ until 1948 is a focus of conflict in the Middle East.
Palestine
The establishment of Israel in 1948 marked a significant turning point in Middle Eastern history.
