3 Flashcards
(15 cards)
What does the nucleus contain?
Genetic material DNA
The nucleus is the control center of the cell, housing the genetic information necessary for cell function and regulation.
What happens to DNA when it condenses?
It forms chromosomes
Chromosomes are tightly packed structures that facilitate proper segregation during cell division.
What surrounds the nucleus?
Nuclear envelope/membrane
The nuclear envelope controls the passage of ions, molecules, and RNA between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
What is the job of the nucleus?
Protect the DNA and control the activities of the cell
The nucleus regulates gene expression and mediates the replication of DNA during the cell cycle.
What is the nucleolus?
A structure inside the nucleus
The nucleolus is responsible for producing and assembling ribosome components.
What does the nucleolus make?
RNA
RNA made in the nucleolus is essential for ribosome formation.
What are ribosomes made of?
Proteins and rRNA
Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.
Where are ribosomes located?
On the rough ER and floating in the cytoplasm
Ribosomes can be free in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum, impacting their function.
What is the job of ribosomes?
Make proteins
This process is crucial for cellular functions and overall metabolism.
What type of proteins do ribosomes on the rough ER make?
Proteins for export out of the cell
These proteins often undergo further processing in the Golgi apparatus.
What type of proteins do ribosomes floating in the cytoplasm make?
Proteins to use within the cell
These proteins are typically involved in metabolic processes within the cell.
What characterizes the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Has ribosomes on its surface
The presence of ribosomes gives the rough ER its ‘rough’ appearance and is key to its function.
What is the job of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Makes proteins for secretion
It also sends these proteins in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for further processing.
What characterizes the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
No ribosomes on its surface
The smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification processes.
What is the job of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Makes lipids and stores calcium
The smooth ER plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and maintaining calcium homeostasis.
