5 Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
Cellular respiration occurs here, breaking down chemical energy from food to release usable energy in the form of ATP
The chemical equation for this process is C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP).
What are the two main structural components of mitochondria?
Inner membrane and matrix (liquid part)
The inner membrane contains folds known as cristae.
What is the primary function of chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis occurs here, converting light energy from the sun into chemical energy in glucose
The chemical equation for this process is 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
What are the two structural components of chloroplasts?
Thylakoids/grana (stacks) and stroma (fluid)
Thylakoids contain chlorophyll, which captures light energy.
What is the primary function of the cell wall?
Provides structure and maintains shape for plant, bacteria, and fungal cells
In plants, the cell wall is made of cellulose; in fungi, it is made of chitin; and in bacteria, it consists of peptidoglycan.
What is the main structural component of the cell wall in plants?
Cellulose
Cellulose is a polysaccharide that provides rigidity to plant cells.
What is the function of the central vacuole?
Stores substances and helps maintain turgor pressure in plant cells
The central vacuole can also play a role in storage of nutrients and waste products.
True or False: Mitochondria are found in plant cells only.
False
Mitochondria are found in both plant and animal cells.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a large structure in plant cells that stores substances and helps maintain shape.
central vacuole
The central vacuole can occupy a significant portion of the cell’s volume.
What type of energy conversion occurs in chloroplasts?
Light energy to chemical energy
This process is essential for producing glucose, which serves as food for the plant.
