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3 - Attitudes, Emotions, and Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

Describe attitude

A

Positive/negative evals of ppl, objects, bhvrs

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2
Q

What is the tripartite model of attitudes?

A

Structure of attitudes consisting of cognitive, affective, bhvrl components

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3
Q

What is the cog component of the tripartite model

A

how we think about the attitude object

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4
Q

what is the behavioural component of the trip model

A

behaving un/favourably towards an attitude object

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5
Q

what is attitude complexity

A

number of dimensions an attitude object is evaluated against

more = more complex att

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6
Q

attitude complexity is stronger when?

A

it is both complex and consistent (all pos/neg evals)

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7
Q

when may we attribute positive evals as a cause of negative ones and vice versa

A

when we think about inconsistencies, so we integrate them

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8
Q

what is an attitude function

A

why we have a specific attitude

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9
Q

how do attitudes act as schemas

A

help us to make sense of info and make quick decisions as know what aspects of att obj to focus on

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10
Q

how do attitude functions help our impression management

A

having +/-ive attitudes to the right object help us become valued, liked, and avoid disapproval/punishment

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11
Q

how do attitude functions act as a defensive

A

defend against psychological threats like anxiety

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12
Q

describe the mere exposure effect

A

more exposure to stimulus helps develop a more positive attitude automatically

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13
Q

when does the mere exposure effect work better?

A

short repetitive exposures

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14
Q

why do we develop a positive evaluation of attitude objects in the mere exposure effect

A

attribute learning to liking object instead of seeing, so can’t correct incorrect judgement

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15
Q

describe subliminal conditioning

A

classical conditioning happening outside conscious awareness

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16
Q

when will conditioning not happen

A

if placed under cognitive load

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17
Q

cognitive load means what for conditioning

A

don’t have resources to pay attention so doesn’t happen

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18
Q

awareness of conditioning may mean what

A

we can correct tendency or reasoning for liking an object

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19
Q

SLT is used to do what

A

use info from observation to determine attitudes

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20
Q

when do we use SLT

A

if we have no knowledge of experience of the att object

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21
Q

describe the compatibility principle

A

attitude and behaviour measures must have same specificity to find true compatibility levels

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22
Q

what causes incompatibility

A

if attitude and behaviour measures don’t have the same specificity

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23
Q

what are the 4 measures

A

target
action
context
time

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24
Q

describe the theory of planned behaviour

A

several factors determining intention to carry out a behaviour, and our intention determining whether we acc do it

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25
what 3 things does TPB consist of
attitudes towards the behaviour subjective norm perceived behavioural control
26
describe attitudes towards behaviour in TPB
what the consequences of the behaviour are, determining if we form a un/favourable attitude
27
describe subjective norm
normative expectations of others, resulting in perceived social pressure
28
describe perceived behavioural control
belief about whether present factors are inhibiting/facilitating ability to perform a behaviour, and how much control we think we have over performing it
29
? and ? equal ?which leads to ? (TPB)
own attitude + subj norm = bhvrl intention leading to the bhvr
30
what 5 things in TPB compete against each other
``` attitude beliefs behavioural beliefs subjective norm perceived behavioural control actual control ```
31
what 2 things determine whether the behaviour is carried out or not
intention and perceived behavioural control
32
what does having no behavioural control usually mean
can't carry out the behaviour, meaning we don't have the intention, so not carried out
33
what does PBC moderate
effects of attitude | subjective norm
34
how are attitudes and carrying out a behaviour measured
attitudes: attitude scales behaviour: observations
35
describe the attitude to behaviour process model
behaviours are determined automatically by attitudes since we have little time to reflect and think
36
what two things are activated when we encounter an attitude object
attitude | social norms perception
37
extent of attitude activation is determined by what
strength between object and evaluation
38
what happens when an attitude is activated
perceptions and evaluations of the attitude object are shaped by the attitude
39
a study found that intention was predicted by what
half by PBC 40% by attitude 10% subj norm
40
the study found what about behavioural variations
30% determined by perceived behavioural control and don't know about the 70%
41
describe the intention-behaviour gap
lack of correspondence between intending to carry out a behaviour and doing it
42
describe the concept of planning
having an implementation intention makes us more likely to carry out on the intention and bridge the I-B gap
43
describe an implementation intention
having a positive intention and a plan of the exact situation (time/place/how)
44
we need what in the concept of planning?
to anticipate the situation and our behavioural response and mental stimulation of the situation
45
describe emotions
psychological response and physical display of evoked feelings due to important objects, events, people
46
emotions depend on what
experience and history
47
how are emotions different to moods
emotions are clearly targeted, shorter in duration, more intense, aroused by specific obj/person/event
48
list the 6 basic emotions
happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, surprise, fear
49
describe why the 6 basic emotions are basic
universal, recognised and occur everywhere regardless of time and culture
50
list emotions going beyond basic
boredom, shame, pride, love, guilt, shadefraude
51
list the 3 emotion families
basic self-conscious (shame/pride) moral (contempt/empathy)
52
Freud thought what about sadness
it was the most common emotion
53
study found out what about common emotions
mean of happiness was 5 times greater than for sadness and was the highest mean out of all emotions
54
describe embodied social cognition
bodily states influence attitudes, social perception, and emotion
55
describe embodiment of enotions
imitating others' facial expressions and perceived emotions of others automatically
56
describe the facial feedback hypothesis
brain using info of facial muscle contraction to determine how we feel
57
how does mimicry of the FFH help us
helps process emotional responses and when others' emotions change
58
what is the keychain in the James-Lange theory of emotions
stimulus perception and interpretation autonomic arousal emotion
59
JL theory of emotions thought what about the ANS
changes in it infer what emotion felt
60
how was it found that the JL theory is incorrect
separating internal organs from CNS didn't result in changes organ changes too slow inducing visceral changes didn't result in emotional changes
61
what is the two factor model of emotions
emotions are determined by both physiological arousal and cognitive assessment of the situation as physiological states are ambiguous
62
study found what about attributing physiological state
those not attributing physiological state to adrenaline injection experienced more anger when in emotion-provoking sit
63
study about misattribution of arousal found what
risky bridge participants were more aroused and more attributed it to female thinking she caused it than sturdy bridge
64
describe the circumplex model of emotion
mathematical representation of interrelation of emotions
65
related emotions are where on the CME
close together | less correlated far apart
66
which feelings are systematically interrelated
affective dimensions as every 30 degrees
67
CME means if one emotion is reported then
many more of a similar type will be reported

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