3. Computing Infrastructure

Question 1

The OS is

Answer 1

system software that manages all of the other software and hardware on a computer

Question 2

Workstations provide

Answer 2

high performance computing (a specialized device)

Question 3

Severs are

Answer 3

powerful computers that carry out a dedicated function (Share files internally, host a website, run a database, etc)

Question 4

ICS systems =

Answer 4

Industrial Control Systems (rely on IoT devices) - electric, gas, water

Question 5

IoT =

Answer 5

physical objects that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet

Question 6

Processing Cores are

Answer 6

units within the CPU. Each core is essentially a separate CPU within the same chip. Multiple cores allow the CPU to multitask

Question 7

CPUs are measured by their (3)

Answer 7

Clock Speed (GHz), number of processing cores, and by how much memory they can manage at the same time

Question 8

2 companies that make Windows processors

Answer 8

Intel and AMD

Question 9

32 bit CPUs (processors) could manage up to

Answer 9

4 GB (gigabytes) of memory

Question 10

64 bit CPUs (processors) can manage up to

Answer 10

17 billion GB (gigabytes) of memory

Question 11

Different type of CPU for mobile devices

Answer 11

ARM processors (low power consumption)

Question 12

The Motherboard (system board) is a

Answer 12

• printed circuit board, which connects the CPU to memory, interfaces, and other system components

Question 13

UEFI is

Answer 13

(Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) a small OS stored on the mother board that loads and starts the full OS from the hard drive

Question 14

BIOS and UEFI are

Answer 14

Small OSs stored on the motherboard that loads and starts the full OS from the hard drive

Question 15

BIOS is

Answer 15

(Basic Input/Output System) a small OS stored on the mother board that loads and starts the full OS from the hard drive

Question 16

RAM

Answer 16

stores actively used software and data
- not persistent

Question 17

Firmware is

Answer 17

‘embedded’ software in a hardware device that provides basic machine instructions and allows the hardware to function and communicate with other software running on a device

Question 18

Used for persistent storage

Answer 18

Disk drives - magnetic (HDD) and solid state (SSD)

Question 19

usually on the motherboard, they connect to both wired and wireless networks

Answer 19

NICS (Network Interface Cards)

Question 20

GPU

Answer 20

(Graphics Processing Units) for the intensive calculations required for complex graphics. Useful for data science, analytics, gaming, video, and blockchain applications (heavy math)

Question 21

Drivers (Device Drivers) =

Answer 21

small software that allows the OS to communicate with peripherals

Question 22

Shared Devices

Answer 22

(printers, etc.) connect directly to the network over a network IP connection. Have web-based interfaces that allow administrators to configure and manage them remotely

Question 23

USB three types:

Answer 23

A, B, and C (Universal Serial Bus)

Question 24

Specialized connector designed by Apple

Answer 24

Firewire 400 and 800 (both are rare)

Question 25

Video display connectors (5)

Answer 25

VGA, DVI, HDMI, Display Port/Mini Display port, and USB-C

Question 26

VGA

Answer 26

(Video Graphics Array) low resolution: 640 x 480. (Older - video only)

Question 27

DVI

Answer 27

(Digital Visual Interface) Support HD video, but only up to 1080p resolution. (Older - video only)

Question 28

HDMI

Answer 28

(High Definition Multimedia Interface) Can carry audio and video on same wire(s) and supports high resolution video up to 5k and beyond

Question 29

Display Port/Mini Display Port

Answer 29

Also support high resolution video up to 5k and beyond

Question 30

USB-C

Answer 30

carry audio, video, and power when using the Thunderbolt standard. Can run at the maximum resolution standards available today.

Question 31

Thunderbolt

Answer 31

(Hardware interface standard designed by intel) Allows both data and power to be sent over the same wire. 1st 2 versions used mini-display connectors, new versions use USB- C

Question 32

2 main categories of storage

Answer 32

Volatile and non-volatile

Question 33

Volatile is designed to be

Answer 33

Temporary, and contains all of the data that a computer is actively working with (RAM - very fast but expensive)

Question 34

Non-volatile storage is designed to be

Answer 34

permanent

Question 35

7 types of non-volatile storage

Answer 35

HDD, SSD, Flash Drives, Optical storage (CD/DVD), Cloud (Block level), File servers, Network Attached Storage (NAS)

Question 36

Magnetic Hard Drives (HDD - Hard Disk Drives) contain

Answer 36

platters of magnetic material spinning quickly, and a head reads/writes magnetic charges to the platter

Question 37

SSD use

Answer 37

stored electrical charges

Question 38

Optical storage uses

Answer 38

lasers to etch data onto a removable disk

Question 39

File Servers

Answer 39

a computer on a network with a lot of hard drives installed in it (For businesses that don't wish to use the cloud)

Question 40

Network Attached Storage (NAS)

Answer 40

self-contained file servers that plug directly into a network (optimized for small businesses)