4. Networking Infrastructure

Question 1

2 ways to connect with a LAN

Answer 1

Ethernet and WiFi

Question 2

Standard Ethernet cable

Answer 2

RJ 45 (8 pin connecter)

Question 3

Landline phone cable

Answer 3

RJ 11 (6 pin connecter)

Question 4

WAN

Answer 4

a collection of LANs not tied to one specific location

Question 5

a PAN is a

Answer 5

Personal Area Network - designed to support a single person (Bluetooth - main purpose is to connect peripherals)

Question 6

NFC uses

Answer 6

inductive coupling - for payment and access control

Question 7

Broadband connections are

Answer 7

always on (as opposed to dial-up) and measured in Mbps or Gbps

Question 8

A modem converts

Answer 8

Digital computer signals to analog for copper wires (and back)

Question 9

Fiber optic modems use a

Answer 9

laser to convert digital signals to pulses of light to travel through glass

Question 10

6 types of internet connections

Answer 10

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line); Cable (coaxial), Fiber Optic (glass); Wireless for Mobile; Fixed Wireless (RF), Satellite

Question 11

5G has speeds

Answer 11

up to 20 Gbps

Question 12

4G has speeds

Answer 12

up to 14 Mbps

Question 13

IP (2 main things)

Answer 13

Assigns IP addresses (addresses used by the internet) and breaks data into packets

Question 14

TCP (2 main things)

Answer 14

(Transmission Control Protocol) establishes network connections between systems and tracks/requests new packets

Question 15

The 2 addresses for a computer

Answer 15

IP and MAC (media access control)

Question 16

2 ways to assign an IP address

Answer 16

Static (manual) and DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - creates a pool of IP addresses)

Question 17

Usually, Static IP addresses are for ______ and DHCP addresses are for ______

Answer 17

Servers; End Users

Question 18

IP addresses are used to

Answer 18

address network packets

Question 19

MAC addresses are assigned by the manufacturer of the device and use

Answer 19

12 hexidecimal digits (first 6 identify the manufacturer and the last 6 are a unique identifier assigned by the manufacturer)

Question 20

3 rules for valid IP address octets

Answer 20

never higher than 255, never start with 127 (loop back), never start with a number greater than 223

Question 21

IP address that start from 224 - 239 are for

Answer 21

multicast systems

Question 22

IP address that start from 240 - 255

Answer 22

are for experimental use

Question 23

Switches connect

Answer 23

all of the devices on a LAN to each other using MAC addresses

Question 24

Routers manage

Answer 24

traffic to/from the internet and to all of the switches using IP addresses

Question 25

Firewalls use

Answer 25

rules to allow/block traffic between 2 or more networks

Question 26

Border Firewalls sit

Answer 26

between LANs and the Internet (most common - protects the overall network)

Question 27

WiFi uses these items

Answer 27

a radio transceiver, antenna, and wireless access points

Question 28

WiFi is a

Answer 28

set of rules for interaction for all wireless devices and wireless access points, governed by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). Different versions of the 802.11 standard

Question 29

2 major differences between wireless networking versions are

Answer 29

maximum speed and radio frequency range

Question 30

2.4 GHz networks have

Answer 30

longer range but slower speeds

Question 31

5 GHz networks have

Answer 31

higher speeds but reduced range (need more wireless access points

Question 32

802.11

Answer 32

2.4 GHz / 2 Mbps (1997)

Question 33

802.11b

Answer 33

2.4 GHz / 11 Mbps

Question 34

802.11a

Answer 34

5.0 GHz / 54 Mbps

Question 35

802.11g

Answer 35

2.4 GHz / 54 Mbps

Question 36

802.11n

Answer 36

2.4 or 5 GHz / 600 Mbps (2009) - uses MIMO antenna (Multiple Input/Multiple Output)

Question 37

802.11ac

Answer 37

5 GHz / 1 (3?) Gbps - uses beam forming antenna scheme

Question 38

802.11ax

Answer 38

2.4 and 5 GHz (WiFi 6) / 9.6 Gbps

Question 39

when objects weaken a signal

Answer 39

attenuation

Question 40

2 basic categories of antennas

Answer 40

Omnidirectional (rubber ducks) -doughnut shaped waves, and directional - increases range by focusing power

Question 41

beamforming

Answer 41

the access point uses multiple antennas to detect and steer the signal towards the connecting device (virtual directional antenna)

Question 42

best way to set up a wireless network is to

Answer 42

conduct site survey - measure signal strength, detect electromagnetic interference, and use heat maps to show dead spots

Question 43

different radio frequencies are known as

Answer 43

channels

Question 44

the ‘name’ of the wireless network visible to users

Answer 44

SSID (Service Set Identifier) - broadcasted by default - disable SSID broadcasting to hide your network

Question 45

3 methods of wireless authentication

Answer 45

Pre Shared Keys; Enterprise Authentication (server w/username & password); Captive Portals (redirected - must ‘escape’ the portal to access the internet)

Question 46

WEP is

Answer 46

(Wired Equivalent Privacy) insecure

Question 47

WPA is

Answer 47

(WiFi Protected Access) insecure (uses TKIP - Temporal Key Integrity Protocol, which changes the encryption key for each packet)

Question 48

WPA2 is

Answer 48

secure (uses the protocol CCMP - based on AES (advanced encryption standard) )

Question 49

WPA3

Answer 49

secure (supports CCMP protocol and adds new technology SAE (Simultaneous Authentication of Equals) - a secure key exchange protocol)

Question 50

The protocol used for web content

Answer 50

HTTP - sever uses this protocol to send content, and the web browser re-assembles the content

Question 51

The secure protocol for web content

Answer 51

HTTPS - adds encryption ("s" is for "secure")

Question 52

used to SEND messages between email servers

Answer 52

SMTP (used if the recipient does not already have an account on the senders server) - use SMTPS (secure)

Question 53

When you check your email, your email client reaches out to your email server and requests your messages. This connection can use 3 different protocols

Answer 53

HTTPS (for web based clients - connection takes place over the web, gmail), POP3, and IMAP

Question 54

POP3

Answer 54

Post Office Protocol (downloads/deletes from server - traditional email clients like Outlook) - older protocol. Used to RECEIVE messages. Secure version is POP3 over TLS

Question 55

IMAP(S)

Answer 55

Internet Message Access Protocol (messages remain on the server, can access from any device - traditional email clients like Outlook). Used to RECEIVE messages

Question 56

A subnet mask _______

Answer 56

reveals how many bits in the IP address are used by the network by masking the network portion of the IP address