3. Organizational Concepts

Question 1

Structuring events or happenings, has no formal structure, apart from functioning

Answer 1

Social System (The informal component of an organization)

Question 2

Roles

Answer 2

1. Expectations of Others
2. Appropriate behavior in a specific position

Question 3

Are roles and jobs the same

Answer 3

No. Some jobs have a lot of roles

Question 4

When an individual is faced with incompatible or competing demands

Answer 4

Role Conflict

Question 5

Uncertainty about the behaviors to be exhibited in a role

Answer 5

Role Ambiguity

Question 6

When an individual feels overwhelmed by having too many responsibilities

Answer 6

Role overload

Question 7

The extent to which different roles are performed by employees in the same subgroup

Answer 7

Role Differentiation

Question 8

Shared group expectations about appropriate behavior

Answer 8

Norm

Question 9

Descriptive vs Injunctive Norms

Answer 9

D: Developed via observation
I: Developed through a process of conforming to gain social approval

Question 10

Organizational Climate

Answer 10

1. Shared meaning organizational members attach to events, policies, practices, and procedures they experience
2. How things are done in an organization

Question 11

Organizational Culture

Answer 11

Languages, values, attitudes, beliefs and customs of an organization

Question 12

Three Layers of Culture

Answer 12

Observable Artifacts - Symbols, language, narrative and practices
Espoused Values - Endorsed by management
Assumptions - Unobservable

Question 13

Person-Organization Fit

Answer 13

1. Process of gauging
2. the degree of fit
3. between the two parties is mutual

Question 14

The decision to cut jobs

Answer 14

Downsize

Question 15

Horizontal vs Vertical Cut

Answer 15

1. Loss of jobs within a department
2. Elimination of all jobs in a department

Question 16

Outsource vs Offshore

Answer 16

1. Use of external employees to perform internal fucntions
2. Worked performed domestically is exported to cheaper labor markets

Question 17

Merger vs Acquisition

Answer 17

1. Marriage of two organization of equal status and power
2. Procurement of property by another organization

Question 18

Acquisition: Parent vs target

Answer 18

1. Absorves
2. The Absorved

Question 19

Phases of Acquisition

Answer 19

Pre-combination
Combination
Postcombination

Question 20

Organization Structure

Answer 20

Arrangement of positions in an organization and the authority and responsibility relationships among them

Question 21

Elements of Organizational Structure

CS CFM

Answer 21

1. Chain of Command
2. Span of Control
3. Centralization
4. Formalization
5. Mechanistic vs Organic Structure

Question 22

Coordinating Mechanisms of an Org.

FIS

Answer 22

Informal Communication
Formal Hierarchy
Standardization

Question 23

Workers have defined jobs, not narrowly specialized positions, elaborate among workers and share skills

Answer 23

Team Organization

Question 24

Temporary, nontraditional organization of members from different departments within a traditional structure sho are assembled to complete a specific job

Answer 24

Project Task Force

Question 25

Managers have a smaller span of control, longer chain of command, provide a clear, distinct layers with obvious lines of responsibility and a clear promotion structure

Answer 25

Tall

Question 26

The span of control is larger, with few management levels, focused on empowering employees rather than adhering to change of command by encouraging autonomy and self-direction

Answer 26

Flat

Question 27

Functional vs Divisional

Answer 27

1. Divides the organization into departments based on function 2. Divides the organization nased on type of products or clients

Question 28

Centralization vs Decentralization

Answer 28

1. Degree to which decision-making authority is concentrated at the top of the organizational hierarchy 2. Process of taking the decision-making power out of the hands of the top level and distributing it to the lower levels

Question 29

Formalization

Answer 29

The degree to which organizations standardize behavior through rules, procedures, formal training and related mechanisms

Question 30

Mechanistic vs Organic

Answer 30

1. Narrow Span of Control and High Centralization 2. Wide Span of Control, Decentralization and Little Formalisation

Question 31

Specifies how employees and their activities are grouped together

Answer 31

Departmentalization

Question 32

Types of Departmentalization

Answer 32

Simple - few people, minimal hierarchy Functional - organize employees around specific knowledge or other resources Divisional - group employees around outputs or clients or geographic areas Team-Based - Build around self-directed teams that complete an entire piece of work Matrix - Overlay two structures to leverage the benefits of both Network - Design and build a product to serve a client through an alliance of several organiations