3, sino japanesse war 1937-1945

Question 1

1937 Marco polo bridge incident

Answer 1

Janese army right to guard south Manchuria railway solider went missing China not involved excuse to attack give ultimatum China withdraw Japan assault on Beijing jiang declare ‘the limits of endurance have been reached’ full scale war

Question 2

Focused on communist

Answer 2

‘disease of heart’ internal and Japan disease of skin external less of a threat , communist had to be destroyed first shut communists want a united front agist Japan

Question 3

Xiang incident 1936

Answer 3

Not all Jiang’s commander agree young marshal took jia g prisoner visiting communists said e should be executed by Stalin pressures them to change view jiang is the only man capable of leading country to war against Japanese but jiang had to agree to united front, he wouldn’t sign written but verbally agreed and released

Question 4

Second united

Answer 4

Cap accept jiang leadership and military forces under command of nra both never worked from mutual suspicion,

God stop attacking communist= good for communists came out of the war stronger as had a break from attacks

Financial support to ccp

End political repression of other ccp. NPCC national political consultative Council would ‘unite all forces’ 200 members 120 from other parties , very limited power not do much

Overall, jiang never abandon want to get rid of ccp and were uncoordinated fighting separate wars 1941 jiang broke second united front when New Fourth Army commander refuse to move troops north = jiang attacks New Fourth Army , communists lost 7,000 and forced to regroup north broken but not abandoned

Question 5

Hundred Regiments Offensive

Answer 5

CCP led by Peng Dehuai all out attack on Japan heavy loss 22,000 killed only few thousand Japanese

Question 6

‘Three Alls’

Answer 6

japan retaliate Hundred Regiments Offensive kill all burn all loot all, ccp forced give up large amount of territory

Question 7

Ichigo Offensive

Answer 7

Japan attack pearl harbor America alliance jiang give aide, American airbases, flew supplies and weapons , military advisors and equipment help train NRA
Japan became over extended in other countries and American aircraft starts bombing Japan from airbases =successful capturing many air bases and cities

Question 8

American advisers appalled

Answer 8

ack of fighting spirt, jiang refused to move NRA from blockading CCP bases during Ichigo offensive from Yan’an , American’s contact communists American Ambassador mediates sides CCP demand included in coalition government and combine military forces under joint military council and ccp political prisoners released , jiang refused join said they should be under control of NRA

Question 9

Ussr alliance with gmd

Answer 9

dvance into Manchuria

Question 10

city destroyed

Answer 10

Cities destroyed, industrial equipment dismantled, jiang orders to remove dykes from yellow river temporarily slow Japanese’s flood 1.4 million acres of farmland killed 1 million 1 million homeless

Question 11

civilians killed

Answer 11

10-20 million

Question 12

Rape of Nanjing

Answer 12

100,000 died roped together shot for practice, covered if fuel and burnt, burried alive, hung by their tounges, women raped and killed

Question 13

changed international standing

Answer 13

USA and Britain gave up territory rights jiang allied conference agree Japan was defeated return Manchuria and Taiwan

Question 14

Allied conference Yalta

Answer 14

wasn’t invited, Russia rights restored in Manchuria , not consulted, USSR friendship treaty GMD as legitimate government and promise not to intervene in Tibet could control ports and joint control over railway

Question 15

Gmd diplomatic gains

Answer 15

ots of military equipment reluctance to fight Japanese used by communist propaganda as lacking will and courage to take the fight to the Japanese , failed to defend the people , relied on conscript army roped together so couldn’t escape , leadership criticized suspicious of generals, valued loyalty over ability, withheld supplies to general he didn’t trust, contradictory orders=lack coordination , lost support among supporters

Question 16

Impact on ccp

Answer 16

heavy losses but was stronger second united front lower attacks military force was larger and controlled more area forces left from long march and left of Eight Route Army reorganized into New Fourth Army, reestablished in Shanghai and expand east, successful in guerrilla warfare take down anger better equipped=good propaganda, reality did a lot less than propaganda said lure deep into their territory and join together for Suprise attacks at vulnerable points like railways