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RUSVM Bacteriology Gram Negatives > Bordetella > Flashcards

Bordetella Flashcards

1
Q

What family does Bordetella belong to? (Taxonomically)

A

Family Alcaligenaceae

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2
Q

Bordetella Aerobe/Non-aerobe

A

Aerobic

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3
Q

Bordetella target cells

A

Ciliated respiratory epithelium

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4
Q

Bordetella Gram _____? Shape?

A

Pleomorphic, Gram negative coccobacilli

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5
Q

Bordetella Motile/Non-Motile?

A

Some motile by petrichous flagella (B. bronchiseptica, B. avium)

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6
Q

Bordetella Which species has a capsule?

A

B. bronchiseptica has capsule

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7
Q

Bordetella Virulence factors

A

Adhesins!!!! Capsule Cell Wall (LPS & OMP Brk) Iron acquisition T3SS 4 Exotoxins

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8
Q

How do Bordetella species derive energy?

A

Oxidation of amino acids

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9
Q

How many Bordetella species are described? What determines their variation?

A

8 described species Important pathogens Variability - serological, hemolytic, toxicity

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10
Q

Which three Bordatella species are very closely related?

A

B. pertussis B. parapertussis B. bronchiseptica

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11
Q

What does B. pertussis cause in humans?

A

Whooping cough

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12
Q

What does B. parapertussis cause in humans? Lambs?

A

Whooping cough in humans Pneumonia in lambs

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13
Q

What diseases does B. bronchiseptica cause?

A

Porcine atrophic rhinitis Canine & feline kennel cough** Bronchopneumonia (many spp)

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14
Q

What diseases does B. avium cause?

A

Rhinotracheitis of birds -Mainly turkey -***TURKEY CORYZA**

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15
Q

Bordetella Name the Adhesins

A

BvgAS regulon Fimbriae FHA - Filamentous hemagglutin Prn - Pertactin Tcf - Tracheal colonization factor LPS - cell wall

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16
Q

Bordetella BvgAS regulon

A

Expression due to environmental cues -Responsible for phase variation —Avirulent at 25C, but activates at 37C

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17
Q

Bordetella Fimbriae function

A

Adhere to **epithelial cells of respiratory tract!**

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18
Q

Bordetella FHA function

A

Filamentous hemagglutinin -Adherence to respiratory tract cells, macrophages -***Hemagglutination***

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19
Q

Bordetella Prn function

A

Prn- Pertactin Adhesive OMP (outer membrane protein) Adheres to respiratory tract cells and macrophages

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20
Q

Bordetella Tcf function

A

Adherence to respiratory tract

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21
Q

Bordetella Cell wall virulence

A

LPS (endotoxin, anti-complement, anti-phagocytic, pro-inflammatory (CD-14-cytokines)) OMP Brk (Bordetella resistance to killing) (Anti-complement)

22
Q

Bordetella Iron acquisition strategies

A

Alcaligin (Secreted hydroxamate-type siderophore) Enterobactin (Enterobacteriaceae siderophore) OMP (BhuR-Bordetella heme uptake receptors)

23
Q

Bordetella Secretion system

A

T3SS -Apoptosis -Loss of epithelial integrity -Evasion of immune system

24
Q

What are the four exotoxins of Bordetella?

A

Tracheal cytotoxin Dermonecrotic toxin Adenylyl cyclase toxin Pertusses toxin (only active in B. pertussis)

25
Q

Bordetella Tracheal cytotoxin

A

Damage ciliated epithelial cells Macrophages release IL-1, Pro-inflammatory

26
Q

Bordetella Dermonecrotic toxin

A

Affects actin cytoskeleton Inhibits osteoblast differentiation in bone tissues (atrophic rhinitis!)

27
Q

Bordetella Adenylyl cyclase toxin

A

Pore-forming protein (RTX repeats) Deregulates ion/fluid flow Reduces leukocyte phagocytic capacity Hemolytic

28
Q

Bordetella Pertussis toxin

A

Only active in B. pertussis Loss of fluids & ions Interference with phagocytosis

29
Q

Bordetella Reservoir (Specify for B. bronchiseptica & B. avium)

A

Ciliated respiratory tract tissue B. bronchiseptica - common, MANY species carry it B. avium- infected fowl (turkey coryza)

30
Q

Bordetella Transmission

A

DIRECT CONTACT mainly Mammals-airborne Turkeys- water & litter

31
Q

Bordetella Pathogenesis

A

Activation of BvgAS regulon–> Adherence & multiplication IN host cells–> Bordetella escape immune system–> Depression of respiratory tract clearance, Secondary complications, pneumonia

32
Q

Bordetella Pathogenesis difference in pigs

A

In pigs: Nasal irritation that opens doors to P. multicoda Pmt!!

33
Q

Bordetella Pathology

A

Destruction of ciliated respiratory epithelium Suppurative (rhinitis, sinusitis, tracheitis) May lead to suppurative pneumonia & air sacculitis

34
Q

Bordetella Disease pattern Dogs

A

Young, non-immune dogs Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis “Kennel Cough” Pneumonia - usually in dogs with distemper Usually resolves in less than a month

35
Q

Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis is also known as _______

A

Kennel Cough

36
Q

Major co-infectious agents of Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis

A

Kennel Cough Major co-infections= B. bronchiseptica, canine parainfluenza virus, canine adenoviruses 1&2, canine herpesvirus Others- canine distemper, Reovirus 1,2,3, Mycoplasma spp.

37
Q

Bordetella Disease pattern Dogs & cats

A

Cats- commonly associated with herpesvirus, calicivirus, Mycoplasma, Clamydiophila Coughing not common

38
Q

Bordetella Disease Pattern Swine

A
39
Q

What disease do these pictures indicate:

A

Atrophic Rhinitis, swine

40
Q

Bordetella Disease Pattern Poultry

A

B. avium Needs differentiation from Alcaligenes faecalis Highly contagious in young poults **Turkey Coryza!!!***

41
Q

Turkey Coryza

A

Bordetella avium Tracheobronchitis, sinusitis, airsacculitis, nasal exudate, conjunctivitis, tracheal rales & dyspnea High morbidity, low mortality (unless secondary infections) Contaminated environment!

42
Q

What disease does this picture indicate?

A

Bordetella avium Flattening of tracheal rings

43
Q

Bordetella Disease Patterns Lab animals

A

Rabbit bordetellosis - may appear similar to Snuffles (P. multocida) B. bronchiseptica - alone are asymptomatic With P. multicoda–> bronchopneumonia

44
Q

Bordetella Immunological aspects

A

Can depress Cell Mediated response by dendritic cells Antibodies= some anti-adhesin protection Live attenuated vaccines and bacterin-toxoids show some protection Should also vaccinate against synergistic pathogens

45
Q

Bordetella Culture procedure What is collected for culture?

A

-Nasal swabs -Sediments of transtracheal washes -Tracheal swabs Agar culture, PCR, Serology, Biochemical tests

46
Q

Bordetella What type of agar used?

A

Blood and MacConkey Agar Recall: strict aerobes derive energy from amino acid oxidation. Are Non-lactose fermenters. Most are hemolytic.

47
Q

Bordetella Describe the colonies on blood agar

A

Small-medium, grey Zone of beta hemolysis under colonies (Only seen if colony removed from agar surface)

48
Q

Bordetella Biochemical aspects (catalase/oxidase/etc)

A

Catalase and Oxidase Positive No carb fermentation Use citrate as carbon source B. bronchiseptica also uses nitrate and splits urea Slide hemagglutination test

49
Q

Bordetella Treatment & Control Progressive atrophic rhinitis

A

Not treatable in advance cases Mantenance of aged sow herd w/low carrier state Disinfection & cleanup of farrowing houses & nurseries Vaccination Antimicrobials, also as prophylactic (sulfonamides)

50
Q

Bordetella Treatment & Control Canine tracheobronchitis

A

“Kennel Cough!” Vaccination Kennel fumigation Ventilation Antimicrobials controversial -Only necessary if pneumonia is diagnosed. Use tetracyclines)

51
Q

Bordetella Treatment & Control Poultry

A

Vaccination Antimicrobials - Intermediate results, Tetracyclines, erythromycin, nitrofurantoin

RUSVM Bacteriology Gram Negatives (26 decks)

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