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RUSVM Bacteriology Gram Negatives > Brachyspira (Serpulina) Lawsonia Treponema > Flashcards

Brachyspira (Serpulina) Lawsonia Treponema Flashcards

1
Q

What family does Brachyspira belong to?

A

Family Spirochaetaceae

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2
Q

Brachyspira Gram__? Shape?

A

Gram negative Spiral shaped

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3
Q

Brachyspira Aerobe/Non-aerobe?

A

Oxygen-tolerate Obligate anaerobes

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4
Q

Brachyspira Where do they typically colonize?

A

Large Intestine

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5
Q

Look at this chart on species variations

A

*Chart*

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6
Q

Look at map of distribution

A

*Map* Said in class: North Carolina too

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7
Q

Brachyspira - Pathogens in the genus

A

B. hyodysenteriae B. pilosicoli B. aalborgi Controversial ones: B. intermedia (avian spirochetosis) B. murdochii, B. innocens, B. canis

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8
Q

**Brachyspira hyodysenteriae**

A

Swine dysentary!! -Actively growin pigs (6-12wks) **Only strongly beta-hemolytic strain** **Indole Positive**

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9
Q

Brachyspira pilosicoli

A

Colonic /Intestinal Spirochetosis -Pigs (post-wean), dogs, birds, immunocompromised humans

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10
Q

Brachyspira aalborgi

A

Human spirochetosis (rare)

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11
Q

Brachyspira- Virulence factors

A

Cell Wall Flagella

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12
Q

Brachyspira - Cell Wall 2 virulence factors

A

LPS Hemolysin/ Cytotoxin

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13
Q

Brachyspira - LPS

A

More like LOS, short/variable O-antigen repeats Endotoxin/Lipid A

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14
Q

Brachyspira- Hemolysin/Cytotoxin

A

**B. Hyodysenteriae=strongly beta hemolytic** Pore-forming cytotoxin : goblet & colonial epithelial cell damage

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15
Q

Brachyspira - Flagella

A

Necessary for virulence! -Move through intestinal mucus to access target cells

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16
Q

Brachyspira- Reservoir

A

Can persist in environment for months if protected from desiccation

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17
Q

Brachyspira Reservoir B. hyodysenteriae

A

**Asymptomatic carrier pigs** -Mice, shed for <6 months -Dogs, rats, birds

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18
Q

Brachyspira Reservoir B pilosicoli

A

Isolated from dogs, birds, many mammals, humans Attach to intestinal mucosa is key to carriage

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19
Q

Brachyspira - Transmission

A

All species - Fecal-Oral

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20
Q

Brachyspira Pathogenesis

A

Colon colonized==> Inflammation, cytotoxins, PMNS==> Superficial coagulation necrosis with epithelial erosion in mucosa/submucosa -Edema, hyperemia, hemorrhages Failure of colonic absorption

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21
Q

Brachyspira - Signs

A

Secretory diarrhea Grey to strawberry-colored feces Dehydration - acidotic & hyperkalemic High morbidity, 40% mortality Lasts several weeks Asymptomatic shedders difficult to ID

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22
Q

Brachyspira Differentials

A

Salmonellosis Lawsonia intracellularis

23
Q

What is the likely causative agent of these signs in the pictures?

A

Brachyspira infection (Likely B. hyodysenteriae)

24
Q

What is this picture showing?

A

Avian intestinal spirochaetosis B. pilosicoli adhering to cecal surface epithelial cells

25
Q

Brachyspira - Immunology

A

Poorly understood -Recovered pigs resistant <4 months

26
Q

Which antibodies fight against a Brachyspira infection?

A

IgG and IgA - but not highly protective

27
Q

Brachyspira - Bacterins

A

Reduce severity of the disease

28
Q

Brachyspira Samples

A

Fecal or colonic

29
Q

Brachyspira Problems with sample collection

A

Should be conducted quickly, not be allowed to dry

30
Q

Brachyspira Stained smears

A

Loosely coiled spirochetes -Must be differentiated from nonpathogenic species

31
Q

Brachyspira Isolation Selective medias used

A

Blood agar with several antibiotics: Spectinomycin Rifampin Spiramycin Vancomycin Polymixin Colistin

32
Q

Brachyspira Incubation

A

Anaerobic for several days

33
Q

Brachyspira - Hemolysis

A

Beta hemolysis (ring) Strength related to pathogenicity **B. hyodysenteriae**

34
Q

Brachyspira - Lab Dx

A

PCR (rule out Salmonella & Lawsonia) B hyodysenteriae are indole positive

35
Q

Brachyspira Treatment

A

Resistance! Several antibiotics Tiamulin, Valnemulin, tylosin, lincomycin, carbadox (restricted) MTZ for dogs

36
Q

Brachyspira Control - Avians

A

Difficult No approved treatments Long withdrawal times

37
Q

Lawsonia intracellularis Disease & specied affected

A

*Proliferative Enteropathy* Porcine Equine Rodents (& other mammals) Avians

38
Q

Lawsonia intracellularis Site of infection

A

Obligate intracellular pathogen of enterocytes (Apical cytoplasmic area - closest to lumen)

39
Q

Lawsonia intracellularis Distribution

A

Worldwide

40
Q

Lawsonia Virulence factors

A

LPS - typical Gram Negative T3SS - unknown role

41
Q

Lawsonia Reservoir

A

Intestinal tract and environment Possible rodents on horse & pig farms

42
Q

Lawsonia Transmission

A

Fecal-oral

43
Q

Lawsonia - What is required for disease to show?

A

Interaction with unknown natural flora -Experimental inoculation of germ-free swine does not lead to disease

44
Q

Lawsonia Pathogenesis

A

Microbes escape phagocytic vacuole–> Multiply–> Inhibit host cell maturation (but enterocyte division continues, daughter cells infected)

45
Q

Lawsonia - Site of infection

A

Distal jejunum and ileum

46
Q

Lawsonia - Effect at infection sie

A

Minimal to moderate inflammation -Neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes present

47
Q

Lawsonia - Type of immunoglobulin?

A

IgA - specific response

48
Q

Lawsonia - Lasting immunity?

A

Recovered pigs are resistant to infection

49
Q

Lawsonia - Vaccine?

A

Swine vaccine available, commonly used Oral. Live-attenuated

50
Q

Lawsonia Diagnosis

A

Stained smears of intestinal mucosa Histo: evidence of proliferative changes Immunohistochemical stains Isolation NOT feasible PCR

51
Q

Lawsonia Treatment

A

Tetracyclines Tylosin Tiamulin Lincomycin Carbadox (where available)

52
Q

Treponema Typical disease

A

Digital dermatitis of cattle Contagious ovine digital dermatitis

53
Q

Treponema paraluiscuniculi

A

Vent disease of rabbits, ***rabbit syphilis**** Not zoonotic Sexually transmitted (usually)

RUSVM Bacteriology Gram Negatives (26 decks)

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