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Clinical Medicine > Eye Vocabulary > Flashcards

Eye Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Accomodation

A

Adjustment of the eye for various distances through modification of the lens curvature

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2
Q

Amsler Grid

A

A set of charts with various geometric shapes in black & white, used for detecting defects of the central visual field

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3
Q

Anisocoria

A

Inequality of the diameter of the pupils; may be normal or congenital. Often normal if inequality is within 1 mm

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4
Q

Aphakia

A

Condition in which part of all of the crystalline lens of the eye is absent, usually because of surgical removal for the treatment of cataracts

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5
Q

Aqueous Humor

A

Watery transparent liquid containing trace albumin and small amount of salts produced by the iris, ciliary body, and cornea. It circulates through the anterior & posterior chambers of the eye.

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6
Q

Astigmatism

A

An abnormal condition in which the light rays cannot be focused clearly in a point in a point on the retina because of an irregular curvature of the lens or cornea.

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7
Q

Cataracts

A

Opacity of the lens; most commonly resulting from denaturation of the lens protein caused by aging

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8
Q

Chalazion

A

Small, hard tumor analogous to sebaceous cyst developing on the eye lids, formed by the distention of a meibomian gland with secretion.

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9
Q

Choroid

A

Middle vascular tunic of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. Dark brown vascular coat of the eye between the sclera & retina, extending from ora serrata to optic nerve. Consists of blood vessels united by connective tissue containing pigmented cells and is made up of five layers.

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10
Q

Ciliary Body

A

The thickened part of the vascular tunic of the eye that joins the iris with the anterior portion of the choroid. Consists of three zones: ciliary disk, ciliary crown, and ciliary muscle.

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11
Q

Cones

A

Photosensitive, outward-directed, conical process of a cone cell essential for sharp vision and color vision; cones are the only photoreceptor in the fovea centralis, and become interspersed with increasing numbers of rods toward the periphery of the retina

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12
Q

Conforontation

A

A test for estimating peripheral vision

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13
Q

Conjunctiva

A

The mucous membrane investing the anterior surface of the eyeball and the posterior surface of the lids

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14
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by infectious agents or by allergies; commonly called “pink-eye”

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15
Q

Cornea

A
  • Clear, transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye comprising about 1/6th of its surface.
  • It is the chief refractory structure of the eye.
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16
Q

What is the chief refractory structure of the eye?

A

Cornea

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17
Q

Corneal Arcus

A

Opaque white ring about corneal periphery, seen in many individuals older than 60. This is due to deposit of lipids in the cornea or to hyaline degeneration. May indicate a lipid disorder, most commonly type II hyperlipidemia if present before 40 years of age

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18
Q

Cotton wool spot

A

Ill-defined yellow areas due to infarction fo the nerve layer of the retina

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19
Q

Depth perception

A

Perception of spatial relationships in 3D. The visual ability to judge distance or depth

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20
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy (Background)

A

A condition characterized by dot hemorrhages or microaneurysms and the presence of hard or soft exudates.

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21
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy (Proliferative)

A

A condition characterized by development of new vessels as a result of anoxic stimulation; vessels grow out of the retina toward the vitreous humor

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22
Q

Diopter

A

Refractive power of the lens with focal distance of 1 meter; used as a unit of measurement in refraction

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23
Q

Diplopia

A

Condition in which a single object is perceived as two objects (double vision)

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24
Q

Drusen

A

Tiny yellow or white deposits in the retina of the eye or on the optic nerve head

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25
Q

Ectropian

A

eversion of and edge or margin, especially that of the eyelid

26
Q

Episcleritis

A

Inflammation of the superficial layers of the sclera located in front of the insertion of the rectus muscle

27
Q

Entropian

A

inversion of and edge or margin, especially that of the eyelid

28
Q

Exophthalmos

A

An increase in the volume of the orbital content, causing protrusion of the globes forward. It may be bilateral or unilateral.

  • Most common cause is Grave’s Disease (Thyroid Disease)
  • Unilateral is likely a retro-orbital tumor
29
Q

Glaucoma

A
  • Disease of the optic nerve wherein the nerve cells die, producing increased cupping appearance of the optic nerve.
  • An abnormal condition of elevated pressure within an eye resulting from obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor.
  • Produces defects in the visual field and may produce blindness
30
Q

Hemianopia

A

Blindness for half the field of vision in one or both eyes

31
Q

Hordeolum

A
  • A sty

- A suppurative inflammation of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid

32
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farsighted

33
Q

Hypertelorism

A

Eyes spaced far apart

34
Q

Hyphema

A

Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye in front of the iris

35
Q

Iris

A
  • The colored contractile membrane of the eye suspended between the lens & cornea
  • Separates the anterior & posterior chambers of the eye
  • Perforated by the pupil
36
Q

Iritis

A

Inflammation of the iris

37
Q

Legal Blindness

A

A person with corrected vision that is not better than 20/200

38
Q

Macula

A

Site of central vision

39
Q

Mydriasis

A

Pupil dilation

40
Q

Miosis

A

Abnormal contraction of the pupils

41
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsighted

42
Q

Night blindness

A

Decreased ability to see in reduced illumination. Seen in patient with impaired rod function; often associated with Vitamin A deficiency

43
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary rhythmic movements of the eyes; oscillations may be horizontal, vertical, rotary, or mixed

44
Q

Papilledema

A

Edema of the optic disc resulting in loss of definition of the disc margin; the cause is often increased ICP

45
Q

Peripheral vision

A

Vision resulting from retinal stimulation beyond the macula

46
Q

Pinguecula

A

A benign yellowish triangular nodule in the bulbar conjunctiva on either side of the iris that stops at the limbus

47
Q

Presbyopia

A

Farsightedness caused by the loss of lens elasticity that generally starts in middle age

48
Q

Pterygium

A

A triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows slowly to the outer surface of the cornea, usually from the nasal side, and may cover a portion of the cornea

49
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping of the eyelid

50
Q

Punctum

A

Tiny opening in the margin of each eyelid that opens to the lacrimal duct

51
Q

Red Reflex

A

A response caused by light illuminating the retina

52
Q

Refraction

A

The act of determining the nature and degree of refractive errors in the eye and correction of them by lenses

53
Q

Retina

A

Sensory network of the eye that transforms light impulses into electrical impulses, which are transmitted through the optic nerve

54
Q

Retinitis Pigmentosa

A

Chronic progressive disease, which may occur in childhood, characterized by degeneration of the retinal neuroepithelium

55
Q

Sclera

A

A though white fibrous tissue which covers the so-called white of the eye. It extends from the optic nerve to the cornea.

56
Q

Scleritis

A

Superficial & deep inflammation of the sclera

57
Q

Strabismus

A

A condition in which both eyes do not focus on the same object simultaneously; however, either eye can focus independently

58
Q

Uveitis

A

Inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid, or the entire uvea

59
Q

Vitreous Body

A

A transparent jelly-like substance that fills the cavity of the eyeball, enclosed by the hyaloid membrane; it is composed of a delicate network (vitreous stroma) enclosing in its meshes a watery fluid (vitreous humor)

60
Q

Xanthelasma

A

An elevated plaque commonly found on the nasal portion of the eyelid due to hypercholesteremia

Clinical Medicine (27 decks)

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