Trauma & Burns

Question 1

Most common joint dislocation

Answer 1

hip

Question 2

Most common joint dislocation recurrence

Answer 2

anterior shoulder

Question 3

Normal blood volume

Answer 3

Adult - 70ml/kg

Pedi - 80ml/kg

Question 4

Normal urine output

Answer 4

Adult - 30-50ml/hr

Pedi - 1-2ml/kg/hr

Question 5

Death from crush injury caused by

Answer 5

renal failure (rhabdomyolysis)

Question 6

Complications from crush injury

Answer 6

DIC, compartment syndrome, renal failure, hyperkalemia

Question 7

high velocity projectile

Answer 7

>2000 ft/sec

Question 8

medium velocity projectile

Answer 8

1000-2000 ft/sec

Question 9

low velocity projectile

Answer 9

<1000 ft/sec

Question 10

Chest tube locaiton

Answer 10

4th ICS, anterior axillary line

Question 11

Needle thoracostomy location

Answer 11

2nd ICS, mid-axillary line

4th ICS, anterior axillary line

5th ICS, mid-clavcular line

Question 12

What should you suspect with fracture of the first three ribs?

Answer 12

Aorta injury

Question 13

What is a scaphoid abdomen? What does it indicate?

Answer 13

Sunken appearance to abdomen

Diaphragmatic rupture

Question 14

What is the Parkland formula?

Answer 14

% BSA * 4ml/kg * wt(kg)

Question 15

What is the Brooks formula?

Answer 15

% BSA * 2ml/kg * wt(kg)

Question 16

Burn formulas give fluid resuscitation requirements for what time frame?

Answer 16

First 24 hours.

Question 17

What is the Consensus formula?

Answer 17

% BSA * 2-4ml/kg * wt(kg)

Question 18

What is diffuse axonal injury? What causes it?

Answer 18

Leading cause of death from TBI, results from the brain moving back and forth in the skull as a result of rapid acceleration or deceleration. Usual presentation is prolonged unconsciousness.

Question 19

Trauma patients with a pneumothorax will probabaly require what intervention before air transport?

Answer 19

Chest tube

Question 20

A chest tube inserted for hemothorax should be clamped after how much blood is removed?

Answer 20

1000mL (or 20% total blood volume)

Question 21

Abnormal breath sounds in the lower (often left) chest that sound like bowel sounds indicate

Answer 21

Diaphragmatic rupture

Question 22

The most common location of spinal injury from a rear end MVC where PT was wearing seatbelt and had head rest adjusted correctly is

Answer 22

T12-L1

Question 23

The most common location of spinal injury from a rear end MVC where PT was wearing seatbelt and had head rest adjusted incorrectly is

Answer 23

C1-C3

Question 24

The extrinsic clotting pathway is triggered by what chemical?

Answer 24

Tissue thromboplastin

Question 25

Which clotting pathway is activated by trauma?

Answer 25

Extrinsic

Question 26

What blood product does not require type and cross before administration?

Answer 26

Albumin

Question 27

Cryoprecipitate is given to correct what blood problems?

Answer 27

Clotting abnormalities (DIC, hemophilia)

Question 28

Lab values: normal K

Answer 28

3.5 - 5.0

Question 29

Lab values: normal Na

Answer 29

135 - 150

Question 30

Lab values: normal Ca

Answer 30

Total 8.5 - 10.5 Ionized 4.5 - 5.5

Question 31

Lab values: normal CO2

Answer 31

24 - 30

Question 32

Lab values: normal BUN

Answer 32

6 - 24

Question 33

Lab values: normal Creatinine

Answer 33

0.6 - 1.4

Question 34

Lab values: normal Glucose

Answer 34

70 - 110

Question 35

Lab values: normal serum osmolality

Answer 35

285 - 295

Question 36

Lab values: normal Mg

Answer 36

1.5 - 2.5 | (4 - 8 if treating pre-eclampsia)

Question 37

Lab values: normal BNP

Answer 37

\< 100

Question 38

Lab values: normal RBC

Answer 38

4 - 5 (million)

Question 39

Lab values: normal Hematocrit

Answer 39

35 - 45% women 40 - 50% men

Question 40

Lab values: normal Hemoglobin

Answer 40

11 - 16 women 12 - 18 men

Question 41

Lab values: normal Platelets

Answer 41

150k - 400k

Question 42

Lab values: normal WBC

Answer 42

4.5k - 10k

Question 43

This ladder diagram is for? What numbers go where?

Answer 43

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Question 44

This ladder diagram is for? What numbers go where?

Answer 44

Coags

Question 45

This ladder diagram is for? What numbers go where?

Answer 45

Chem-7

Question 46

What is Newton's First Law?

Answer 46

An object remains in motion or at rest until it is acted on by an external force. (Inertia)

Question 47

What is Newton's Second Law?

Answer 47

Force = mass \* acceleration

Question 48

What is Newton's Third law?

Answer 48

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Question 49

What factors determine the severity of an electrical injury?

Answer 49

Voltage, amperage, current type

Question 50

What is voltage? How does voltage determine electrical injury?

Answer 50

Voltage measures flow of electrons \<1000 low (homes = 120-240V, railroad = 600V) \>1000 high (power lines, electrical substations) Higher more dangerous

Question 51

What is amperage? How does amperage determine electrical injury?

Answer 51

Volume of electrons flowing in circuit Homes 15-30A Muscle tetany 15-30mA Dysrhythmias 50-100mA

Question 52

How does current type determine electrial injury?

Answer 52

AC produces muscle tetany Homes 60Hz Muscle Tetany between 40-110Hz DC produces a large muscle contraction, pushes victim away

Question 53

Urine output in rhabdomyolysis must be at least

Answer 53

100 ml/hr

Question 54

How should dry chemical exposure be managed?

Answer 54

Brush chemical off before irrigation.

Question 55

Hydrofluroic acid exposure can cause what complication? How is it managed?

Answer 55

Drop in serum calcium levels, and severe pain Gel made with calcium placed on exposure site, possible IV calcium if EKG changes

Question 56

Escharotomy is a procedure required to treat

Answer 56

Circumferential burns to the torso that inhibit breathing

Question 57

What is the different between an escharotomy and a fasciaotomy?

Answer 57

Escharotomy cuts through burned/charred skin (circumferential burns). Fasciaotomy cuts through muscle fascia (compartment syndrome)

Question 58

Signs of a tension pneumothorax include

Answer 58

Tachycardia Hypotension Anxiety/panic Torso trauma

Question 59

PEA should be managed by treating the appropriate causes, remembered by what mneumonic?

Answer 59

H's & T's

Question 60

The most common cause of PEA in trauma is

Answer 60

Hypovolemia