Digesting Spaghetti

Question 0

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Answer 0

You chew it up and the salivary glands produce saliva that contains amylase which breaks down starch into maltose (disaccharides)

Question 1

Sentence 1

Answer 1

You put the spaghetti dinner in your mouth.

Question 2

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Answer 2

The pharynx keeps food from getting in the lungs, and let’s the spaghetti dinner (all chewed up and in a ball now) enter the esophagus

Question 3

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Answer 3

The esophagus carries the spaghetti dinner from the pharynx to the stomach by peristaltic contractions

Question 4

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Answer 4

If the food is fatty the small intestine releases hormone enterogastrone which slows the churning of food and decreases gastric secretions allowing more time for fat digestion and absorption

Question 5

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Answer 5

The food enters the stomach through the cardiac sphincter

Question 6

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Answer 6

The hormone gastrin is produced when food enters the stomach

Question 7

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Answer 7

Gastrin stimulates the release of gastric juice

Question 8

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Answer 8

Gastric juice contains HCl and pepsinogen

Question 9

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Answer 9

Contractions of the stomach muscles churn the food and mix it with the gastric juice

Question 10

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Answer 10

The HCl in gastric juice kills harmful bacteria that is in the food

Question 11

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Answer 11

Pepsinogen in the gastric juice is converted to pepsin because of the low pH and pepsin breaks down polypeptides (proteins) into dipeptides or amino acids

Question 12

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Answer 12

The HCl liquifies the food making it chyme

Question 13

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Answer 13

Chyme is squirted into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter

Question 14

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Answer 14

When chyme enters the small intestine covered in HCl and pepsin the low pH sends secretin to the pancreas which signals the release of pancreatic secretions

Question 15

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Answer 15

Part of the pancreatic secretions is NaHCO3 that raises the pH to an alkaline

Question 16

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Answer 16

Another component of the pancreatic secretions is pancreatic amylase that continues the digestion of starch (stopped earlier when it entered the stomach bc of the low pH levels)(polysaccharide) into disaccharides

Question 17

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Answer 17

When chyme entered the small intestine this released the hormone CCK which made the gallbladder release bile which broke lipids into smaller drops

Question 18

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Answer 18

Lipase is then another part of the pancreatic secretions that digests the smaller drops of lipids (triglycerides) (first reduced by bile) into fatty and glycerol – lipids are now ready to be absorbed

Question 19

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Answer 19

finally the last component of the pancreatic secretions is Chymotrypsin and trypsin

Question 20

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Answer 20

Trypsin and Chymotrypsin both continue protein digestion (that began with pepsin) by breaking remaining polypeptides that were not broken down by pepsin into dipeptides or amino acids

Question 21

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Answer 21

Erepsin is released from the small intestine and finishes the digestion of proteins by breaking down the remaining dipeptides into amino acids
—All proteins are now broken into amino acids and are ready to be absorbed

Question 22

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Answer 22

To finish carbohydrate digestion the disaccharides created by amylase (saliva or pancreatic secretion) are now broken down further by enzymes produced in the small intestine

Question 23

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Answer 23

These enzymes produced by the small intestine to break down disaccharides include sucrase, maltase, and lactase

Question 24

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Answer 24

Sucrase digests sucrose (disaccharide) into glucose and fructose (monosaccharides), maltase digests maltose(dis.) into 2 glucose(mon.), lactase digests lactose(dis.) into galactose and glucose (mon.).
All the carbs are now monomers and are ready to be absorbed

Question 25

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Answer 25

Now all the food molecules are ready to be absorbed into the circulatory system

Question 26

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Answer 26

The fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed in lacteals and the monosaccharides and amino acids are absorbed in the capillaries

Question 27

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Answer 27

Material not absorbed by now enters the large intestine through the Iliad-caecal sphincter

Question 28

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Answer 28

The large intestine absorbs water, vitamins and minerals into the blood

Question 29

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Answer 29

When the waste builds up in the large intestine receptors in the wall of the intestine send information to the central nervous system which encourages a bowl movement

Question 30

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Answer 30

The rectum holds feces and then the feces exit the digestive tract through a sphincter muscle called the anal sphincter