307 Exam 5 Mod 9-10 Flashcards by Naomi Wheeler

When a skeletal muscle contracts to cause a movement, the relatively stationary end of attachment of the muscle is termed what?

The insertion.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the articulate structures?

Joint capsule, synovium, synovial fluid, articulate cartilage, infra-articulate ligaments, juxta-articulate bone.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the extra-articulate structures?

Periarticular ligaments, tendons, bursar, muscle, fascia, bone, nerves, overlying skin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do ligaments connect?

Bone to bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do tendons do?

Muscle to bone connection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is cartilage?

Collagen matrix, facilitates smooth painless movement of joint.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is bursae ?

Pouches of synovial fluid.
Cushions movement of tendons and muscles over bone/other joint structures.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are synovial joints?

Freely moveable
Covered by articulate cartilage
Has a synovial cavity and a joint capsule

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of joints are the knee and shoulders?

Synovial joints

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of joints are in the vertebral column?

Cartilaginous joints

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of joints are the suture of the skull?

Fibrous joints

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are 3 structure types of synovial joints? And examples of them

Spheroidal (ball and socket)
- shoulder and hip
Hinge - interphalangeal (fingers);foot; elbow.
Condylar- knee, Tmj joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where would you find bursae

In areas where tendons or muscles run against bone, ligament, or other tendons or muscles.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The leading cause of complaints in heath care visits are related to what?

Musculoskeletal complaints

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What equipment do you need for joint examination?

Tape measure
Goniometer
Skin marking pen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Weak thumb abduction and decreased sensation of index finger, 5th finger or dorsal web space between thumb and index would indicate what?

Possible carpal tunnel syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are myalgias?

Generalized “aches and pains” within muscles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are arthralgias?

Generalized “aches and pains” within joint without evidence of arthritis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lateral hip pain located near the greater tronchanter would suggest what?

Trochanteric bursitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

progressive, systemic joint pain suggests what?

Rheumatoid arthritis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Radiation of pain from low back into leg is seen in what?

Sciatica

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Leg pain that resolves with rest and or lumbar forward flexion suggests what?

Spinal stenosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Radicular pain (radiating along a dermatome) may be from what?

Spinal nerve compression, most commonly C7 or C6

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Redness over a tender joint suggests what?

Septic (infection)
Gouty arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are fasciculations

Fine tremors of the muscles.

Fasciculations with atrophy and muscle weakness suggest what?

Disease of the peripheral motor unit

How would you assess muscle tone?

Feeling the muscle’s resistance to passive stretch.

What is hypotonia?

Decreased muscle tone.

What is paresis

Impaired strength or weakness

What is plegia?

Paralysis. Absence of strength.

What is hemiparesis?

Weakness of one half of the body

What is hemiplegia?

Paralysis of one half of the body

Scale for muscle grading is 0-5 where 0 is no contraction and 5 is normal muscle strength. T/f

True

If you are testing the muscle strength of a patient and they can actively move against gravity but not against resistance what is the score?

If joint trauma is present in a patient, what should you do before attempting movement for muscle testing?

Ask about an X-ray

Trauma that results in stretching or tearing of a ligament is called what?

Sprain

Stretching that results in the tearing of a tendon is called what?

STrain. (T= tendon)

What 3 ROM maneuvers are done for the TMJ?

Ask patient to demonstrate opening and closing, profusion and retraction, and lateral side to side motions.

Normally as the mouth opens wide, how many fingers can be inserted between incisors?

3 fingers is notmal

What is the glenohumeral joint?

Shoulder joint. Ball and socket. Where the arm goes into the shoulder

What is the shoulder girdle compromised of?

4 joints -AC joint, Sternoclavicular joint, glenohumeral joint, scapulothoracic joint 3 large bones - humerus, clavicle, scapula 3 principal muscle groups. -Sits muscles (rotator cuff), axioscapular group (attaches trunk to scapula), and the axiohumeral group (attaches humerus to trunk)

If you had a patient standing and instructed them to “raise your arms in front of you and overhead” what movement are you examining? And what muscles are working?

Flexion of the shoulder Anterior deltoid, pec major, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii

When standing and arms are at your side, what is the shoulder movement that raises your arms behind you? And what principal muscles are used?

Shoulder hyperextension Lats, teres major,post deltoid, triceps.

“Raise your arms out to the side and overhead” What movement is happening in the shoulder?

Abduction

“Place one hand behind your back and touch your shoulder blade” What shoulder movement is happening?

Internal rotation.

“Raise your arm to shoulder level, bend your elbow and rotate your forearm toward the ceiling” What shoulder movement is happening?

External rotation

What is the special maneuver for examining the shoulders AC joint?

Sometimes called a crossover test, palpate and compare both joints for swelling or tenderness. Adduct the patients arm across the chest. Pain with adduction is positive for a rotator cuff tear.

What does it indicate if there is pain during the Apley scratch test?

It suggests rotator cuff disorder or adhesive capsulitis

What does a positive result for the “drop arm” test indicate?

Rotator cuff tear if the patient cannot hold arm fully abducted at shoulder level.

Weakness during the “empty can test” is a positive test for what?

Supraspinatus rotator cuff tear

What is the pain provocation test?

Painful arc test. Fully adduct the patients arm from 0-180 degrees. Shoulder pain from 60-120 degrees is a positive test for subacromial impingement/rotator cuff tendinitis disorder.

What are the SITS muscles that form the rotator cuff

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis

What are the 4 regions of the brain

Cerebrum Diencephalon Brainstem Cerebellum

What is the frontal lobe functions

Higher intellectual function Speech production Ipsilateral motor control (normal motor control pathway)

What is the parietal lobe responsible for

Primary somatic sensory area (Detecting touch, proprioception, pain and temperature)

The occipital lobe is involved with what?

Vision and visual perception

The temporal lobe is involved with what?

Hearing Memory Speech perception

Brocas area is responsible for what?

Motor speech

What is the cerebellum involved with?

Coordination

The brainstem consists of what 3 parts

Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata

What part of the brain affects the endocrine system and govern emotional behaviors like anger and sexual drive?

The hypothalamus

What is included in the Central nervous system

Brain and spinal cord

Most lumbar punctures are performed where to avoid injury to the spinal cord?

L3-L4 or L4-L5 intervetebral spaces

Where is the Cauda equina located?

L1-L2

The peripheral nervous system consists of what?

Cranial nerves and peripheral nerves.

What are the 3 principal motor pathways

Corticospinal tract Basal ganglia system Cerebella’s system

What motor pathway system controls voluntary movement and integrate skilled, complicated or delicate movements?

Corticospinal (pyramidal) tract

Damage to what motor pathway system would produce changes in muscle tone, disturbances in posture and gait, a slowness or lack of spontaneity and automatic movements (bradykinesia) and various involuntary movements?

Basal ganglia system

Sensory pathways help regulate what?

Internal autonomic functions like blood pressure, heart rate and respiration

What are the deep tendon reflexes and muscle stretch reflexes with their corresponding spinal segment?

Ankle. (Achilles)- sacral 1 Knee. (Patellar) - Lumbar 2,3,4 Supinator (brachioradialis) - Cervical 5,6 Biceps reflex. - cervical 5,6 Triceps reflex. - cervical 6,7

What are the cutaneous stimulation reflexes and their corresponding spinal segment?

Abdominal upper. - Thoracic 8,9,10 Abdominal lower. - thoracic 10,11,12 Cremasteric reflex - Lumbar 1,2 Plantar responses - Lumbar 5, sacral 1 Anal reflex - sacral 2,3,4

What are two of the most common neurological disorder symptoms?

Headache and dizziness

What is the Pound acronym and what is it for?

Pulsatile or throbbing One day duration or 4-72 hrs untreated Unilateral Nausea or vomiting Disabling If 3/5 are present it is likely a migraine especially is preceded by aura or prodrome

What are reversible causes of restless leg syndrome?

Iron deficiency, renal disease, pregnancy

Tremors that can appear in patients with hyperthyroidism, anxiety or fatigue are called what?

Postural (action) tremors

Slow, fine, pull rolling tremors that can be seen with patients that have Parkinson’s disease are Called what?

Resting (static) tremors

Tremors that can occurs in patients with multiple sclerosis are called what?

Intention tremors

Dystonia and athetosis movements are similar in that they are slow, twisted and writhing. How are they different

Dystonia movements appear in larger body parts such as the neck or trunk Athetosis appears in distal extremities and the face muscles.

5 Important areas of examination within a neurological screening are

Mental status Cranial nerves Sensory system Motor system Reflexes.

If findings are abnormal with the neurological screening you should group them into pattern of what?

Central or peripheral disorders

Glasgow coma scale scores less than 10 are concerning for severe brain injury? T/f

False. Scores of 3-8 considered coma 15= fully functioning 3= lowest possible score. No response in any area

Glasgow coma scale assesses what 3 activities?

Opens eyes- Motor response Verbal response

Which assessment would need to be performed to assess the patients position sense and coordination of movement?

Heel to shin

What does Romberg test assess?

Position sense, cerebella’s function, balance and coordination

What is a positive babinski test

Flaring if toes when some of foot is stroked

What is abduction of upper extremity entail?

Asking patient to move upper extremity away from the body 180 degrees

What cranial nerve is olfactory?

What is graphetesia

Sensation of touch or tactile stimulation

When assessing the pronator drift how many seconds do you observe the patients arm for a change in position while the patient has their eyes closed

20-30 seconds

What deep tendon reflexes involve stretching biceps to access C5&C6?

Biceps reflex

Assessment of the shoulder includes which of the following 4 motions?

Flexion, extension, internal and external rotation

What assessment techniques are done during a vertebral assessment

Inspection and palpation

What test asks the patient to flex wrists and press them together for 1 minute

Phalens

What is ataxia?

An unsteady gate. Can be compensating for injury or pain or indicating a cerebella’s function problem

307 Exam 5 Mod 9-10 Flashcards

(94 cards)