CV: Antiaarythmic -

Question 1

define aarythmia

Answer 1

any abnormal pattern of electrical activity in the heart

Question 2

what happens with aarythmia?

Answer 2

abnormal heart muscle cells depolarize faster than SA node

Question 3

what are three examples of sodium influx inhibitors?

Answer 3

lidocaine
quinidine
procainamide

Question 4

what do sodium influx inhibitors do?

Answer 4

inhibit the movement of sodium ions across damaged cell membranes, this decreases the rate at which abnormal cells can depolarize

Question 5

what does lidocain treat?

Answer 5

ventricular aarythmias

Question 6

what are two types of ventricular aarthmyias that lidocain treats?

Answer 6

ventricular tachycardia and ventricular premature contractions

Question 7

how is lidocain administered and why

Answer 7

IV because oral absorption is poor and IM is erratic

Question 8

what animal is very suceptable to lidocain?

Answer 8

cats

Question 9

large doses of lidocain may cause what?

Answer 9

sedation

Question 10

toxic doses of lidocain may cause what?

Answer 10

CV shock and siezures

Question 11

do not use lidocain mixed with what when treating arrhythmias IV?

Answer 11

epinephrine

Question 12

when is procainamide and quinidine used?

Answer 12

when ventricular aarythmia has not resolved with lidocain

Question 13

what are the side effects of quinidine?

Answer 13

vomitting diarrhea anorexia

Question 14

what are two calcium channel blockers?

Answer 14

diltiazem and verpamil

Question 15

what do calcium channel blockers do?

Answer 15

block movement of calcium across channels in the cell membrane decreasing the rate of depolarization of abnormal cells

Question 16

what are two possible side effects of calcium channel blockers?

Answer 16

may decrease contractility of cardiac muscle and cardiac output

Question 17

what are calcium channel blockers used to treat in cats? 2

Answer 17

tachyaarythmias and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 18

what are calcium channel blockers used to treat in dogs?

Answer 18

tachyaarythmias

Question 19

what do beta blockers do?

Answer 19

block the sympathetic nervous system receptors in the heart that increase the heart rate when stimulated

Question 20

why would you use beta blockers?

Answer 20

because slowing the contraction rate if a diseased heart reduces the risk of arrythmias caused by abnormal cells

Question 21

what is the most common antiarrythmic drug?

Answer 21

beta blockers

Question 22

what are beta blockers used for in cats?

Answer 22

used to treat tachycardia in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 23

why can bronchioconstriction occur with the use of beta blockers/

Answer 23

its due to the blockage of the sympathetic stimulation at the bronchiole

Question 24

with beta blockers, decreased sympathetic stimulation can also cause what? 2

Answer 24

decreased cardiac contractility

bronchioconstriction