3.1 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are the 5 aspects Peel’s philosophy of policing
1) Mission is to prevent crime
2) Ability to perform duty depends on public co-operation
3) Physical force is a last resort
4) Duty= Impartially serve the law
5) Police= Citizens in uniform
What are the 4 aims of the police
1) Keep peace and maintain order
2) Protect life/property
3) Prevent, detect and investigate crime
4) Bring offenders to justice
What are the 3 sources of police funding
What has happened to police funding from 2010- 2018
1) 2/3 from central government
2) Most of rest from local council tax
3) Charging for policing events
Fell by 19%
How many police forces are there in England and Wales
England- 39
Wales- 4
What are:
1) Special constables
2) Police Community Support Officers (PCSO)
3) Police and crime commisioners
1) Unpaid part time volunteers with the same powers as police
2) Limited power- Often deal with anti-social behaviour
3) Elected representatives that aim to cut crime, set local police priorities and budget
What are the 5 CPS values
1) Independence and fairness
2) Honesty and openness
3) Treat everyone with respect
4) Behaving professionally
5) Equality and inclusion
What are the 5 aspects of the CPS’s role
1) Advise police on investigation- line of enquiry/evidence
2) Assess evidence submitted by police- Full code test
3) Decide whether to prosecute and charges
4) Prepare and present prosecution case in court
5) Assist, inform and support victim and pros. witness
What is the main source of CPS funding
How much do they receive
What has happened to CPS funding in recent years
Central government
500 million roughly
Lost 30% of funding
How many regional teams are there in the CPS
What is CPS direct
Who is the head of the CPS
14 in England and Wales
A virtual 15th area- Offers 24/7 support
Director of public prosecution- Currently Stephen Parkinson
What are the 3 aspects of the full code test
Evidential, Public Interest, Threshold
What are the 6 principles of Judicial conduct
1) Judicial independence- free from government
2) Impartiality
3) Integrity
4) Propriety- uphold society’s morals
5) Ensure equal treatment
6) Competence
What 2 oaths do judges swear
Oath of Allegiance (to monarch)
Judicial Oath- Treat people equally
What is role of judge in crown court
Manage court proceedings, apply fairness, explain to jury, sum up case, sentence defendants
What 2 features do judges have of their position
1) Security in their Tenure- Unless petition to Monarch is supported by both Houses of Parliament
2) Guaranteed salary- depends on position in hierachy
Approximately how many Crown Courts are there around the country
71
What is purpose of HM prison and probation service
“Preventing victims by changing the lives of offenders”
What are the 3 aims of prison service
Public protection
Rehab
Hold prisoners securely and implement court sentences
Who pays for prisons
What was the budget in 2023/2024
What has decrease in budget caused
The government- General taxation
£5.6 billion
Staff cuts- Less able to supervise activities- Less chance for rehab
In 2019 how many prisons were there
122
107 government ran
15 privately ran
What are the 4 categories of prison
Category A- The most threat posed to public, police and national security
Category B- Don’t require max. security but escape must be very difficult
Category C- Can’t be trusted in public but unlikely to escape
Category D- Trusted to not try to escape
What are the 3 values of the National Probation Service (NPS)
1) Offenders can change for the better
2) Belief in worth/ dignity of individuals
3) Commitment to inclusion, social justice, equality and diversity
What is the priority of the NPS
Protect public by rehabilitating offenders
Who pays for NPS
Government- general taxation
What are community rehabilitation companies
What was found about money spent in 2018
Private companies that provide probation services.
In 2018 £342 million spent with no clear benefit
