3.3 Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is recidivism
What was the overall recidivism rate in 2023
What was the overall recidivism rate for juvenile offenders in 2023
Repeat offending
26.5%
33.1%
Give an example of an increase in prison sentence
For murder:
12.5 years in 2003
21 years in 2024
Give 4 groups of people who are more likely to re-offend
The more prior convictions they have, the more likely they are to re-offend
Groups released from prison (compared to other punishments)
Males
Homeless, lack qualifications, have addictions
How does prison link to right realism
Right realism argues offenders act rationally and so prison acts as a deterrent for offending- Challenged by high re-offending rates
Why are there likely to be human rights abuses in ‘authoritarian states’
Give an example of human rights abuses
The police have fewer restrictions to force citizens to behave a certain way
Turkey (2018)- Killing and suspicious deaths in custody
Give 3 examples of civil liberties
Give an example of a police procedure that breaches a civil liberty
Give an example of a civil liberty that is an aspect of the due process model
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
Right to privacy
Facial recognition using CCTV breaches our right to privacy
Freedom from detention without trial
Give 3 reasons why prisons fail to rehab offenders
Short sentences- Not enough time for rehab
Inadequate resources- Investigation found that half of prisons had too few rehab programs
15% cut in prison officers due to funding
Give 3 challenges faced by newly released prisoners
Lack of money- Only given £46 on release
Lack of job- Only 1/4 have job to go to
Homelessness- 1/9 have no housing at release
Give 2 reasons why some offenders given community sentences re-offend
Inadequate support- Too few specialist programs for drug addiction/ homelessness/ etc.
Inadequate support from NPS- Too relaxed in allowing offenders to miss appointments
What are cuts to police budget
What are the effects of this
19% between 2010-2018
20,000 fall in staff, More cases dropped on same day as report now
Give an example of prisons being in crisis
Why is this
2016 HMP Birmingham riots- Worst prison riots in 25 years
Overcrowding and staff cuts
Give 3 issues the NPS face
Staff shortages
Failure by private CRCs (community rehab companies)
Lack of confidence by judge, victims, public and offenders
Give an example of a national government policy that affected the police’s work
Give an example of a local policy that a police force may adopt
2019- Home Secretary announced that it was now easier for police to stop and search individuals without suspicion
In an area with high knife crime rates, the police may execute more stop and searches
What is a moral imperative
Give 2 examples of people who committed crimes due to a moral imperative
An overriding sense of what is right- person acts to uphold it
Clive Ponting- Passed confidential info of Argentinian ship sinking
Alan Blythe- Gave cannabis to terminally ill wife
(They were both acquitted)
In what ways did the Suffragettes break the law
What moral imperative convinced them to do this
What partial victory did they achieve
Set fire to post boxes, smashed windows, etc.
Getting parliament to change the law for women to be able to vote
1918- Vote given to women over 30
What crime did the Stansted 15 commit
Why
What happened to them
‘Endangering an aerodrome’
Campaigning against deportation of individuals
Convictions quashed by courts
According to Durkheim, why is deviance important
Without deviance, no new social norms would be formed
