3.1 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Organisms
Come in all different shapes and sizes
Can be :
Unicellular
Multicellular
Unicellular organisms
Live alone or in colonies
Are of one cell
Are microscopic
Perfume all life process
Once a single called organisms reache certain size , it requires a multicellular level of organization to sustain life.
Multicellular organisms and three adv and disadv
Aee made of many cells
Have specialization of cells which form tissue
There are advantages and disadvantages to having a large structure that depends on trillions of cells
A-division on labour’s-cells specialization allows specific function
B - size - able to grow due to transport system
C- interdependence of cells- if one cell dies , the entire organisms does not die.
Cell specialization
Is when a cell is designed to perform a specific function
It occurs when cells begin to form organs and organ systems
Tissues
Are group of cells performing sam function
Organs
Are group of tissues performing same function
Organ system
Are organs contributing to the same function
Plant structure
Plants are multicellular organisms. They have organ system and specialized cells
Plant organism 2 types
Shoot system
Root system
Shoot system
Function is reproduction and photosynthesis. Includes everything that is above ground . Leaves stems buds flower and fruits
It is involved in
Leaves stem . Buds. Flower. And fruits
Roots system
Function is to obtain nutrients and water . Everything underground. Is involved in H20 and mineral uptake from soil. Also includes tubers. This is where plants store extra food meaning sugar
Plant growth
Occur at the tips of leaves in a region called meristem ( apical a d Latera)
Is the result of mitosis
Cell build up on each other and acts as building blocks
Plant protection
Herbaceous plants (non-eoody) are covered by demal tissue (epidermis) . In woody plants , epidermis.is is replaced by cork and bark.
Three types of plant tissue
Dermal
Vascular
Ground
Dermal tissue
Is one cell layer thick
It’s protects the plants form disease . It on the outside of the plants
Cuticle
Is a waxy substance secreted by cells in the leaves and stems. It coats the leaf and reduce H²O loss and protects it.
Vascular tissues and its to types
It’s responsible for transport in plants between the roots and shoots
It consist of
Xylem and phloem
Xylem
Moves h2O and dissolved minerals form toots up the dtem to the leaves
Phloem
Transport dissolved augurs produced In the leaves to other parts of the plant . Formed from sieve tube cells and companion cells
Sieve tube cells is cylindrical cells lacing nuclei. Allow the movement of phleom sap between cells
Companion cells connect to the sieve tube . Control sugar Transport in phleom
Ground tissue
Is layer of cells found beneath the epidermis top layer of cells . It is the bulk of the plants.
In stem provides strength and support
In roots provides food and water storage
In leaves where photosynthesis occurs
Plant cell specialization and exmaples
Cells and structures that have specialization
Example
Roots hair
Guard cells
stomata
Roots hair
Are tiny hair like projections that abosb water and minerals form soil
Guard cells
Are on the underside of elaf. Swells and contract to control gas exchange through a stomata in a leaf.
Stomata
Are pores formed by guard cells allowing cases to pass through.
