3.1 Communism in China

Question 1

When was the Chinese Revolution

Answer 1

1949

Question 2

What effect did WW2 have on china

Answer 2

• left china devastated but brought an alliance between Chinese communists and nationalists
• they had spent pre-war hears fighting for control of country
• alliance ended when the war ended. By 1946 ,civil war had restarted

Question 3

Who was the leader of the communists

Answer 3

Mao Tse-tung

Question 4

When did mao declare the establishment of the people’s republic of china (PRC)

Answer 4

1 October

Question 5

Who were the nationalists led by

Answer 5

Chiang Kai-shek

Question 6

What happened to the nationalists after the Chinese revolution

Answer 6

Retreated to the island of Taiwan

Question 7

Why was china’s revolution concerning for the us

Answer 7

• the most highly populated country in the world had fallen to communism
• the government believed it was a gain for Stalin
• for Truman, it was a failure of the policy of containment

Question 8

Which was the only country that recognised the PRC in 1949

Answer 8

USSR

Question 9

Which Chinese government did Western countries accept

Answer 9

Chang Kai-shek’s exiles nationalist government on the island of Taiwan

Question 10

How did Mao look to Stalin to develop a communist country and to protect china from American influence

Answer 10

• through the treaty of friendship
• signed in February 1950

Question 11

What did the treaty of friendship

Answer 11

• $300 million of aid provided to China. 95% would need to be repaid, interest was very high. Most of the money needed to be spent on soviet products
• 8000 Chinese students were allowed to travel to the ussr to study technology
• 20,000 soviet experts sent to help the development of china (at a cost to the Chinese). Gave questionable advice that benefitted the USSR more than the PRC
• china had to give two of its major ports and the right to mine in its Xinjiang territory to the USSR

Question 12

Why were Stalin and Mao’s interpretations of communism different

Answer 12

• mao’s supporters were peasant farmers
• Russian revolution led by urban factory workers
• after Stalin’s death, Chinese-soviet relationship began to break down

Question 13

What did the west do to halt the further spread of communism in Asia

Answer 13

• millions of dollars were pumped into Taiwan and Japan to build up their economies
• USA and allies refused to acknowledge the Chinese’s government, insisting that the nationalists in control of Taiwan should be china’s representatives at the UN

Question 14

What was NSC-68

Answer 14

• National Security Council Resolution 68
• issued in response to Chinese revolution and development of soviet nuclear bomb
• issued to military and security services (top secret0
• repeated commitment to containing communism and allowed increased spending on the military (US getting ready for war)

Question 15

Mao early life

Answer 15

• son of wealthy farmer from rural south-east china
• interested in Marx and Lenin, was a founding member of communist party of china
• key figure in fight against nationalist government

Question 16

What did Mao do when in power

Answer 16

• attempt to build a modern communist society led to violence and suffering
• when the ‘Great Leap Forward’ was launched in 1957, millions died of starvation
• cultural revolution in 1966 cemented powerful position and helped to develop a personality cult that went beyond Stalin’s
• Maoism became popular across china