31. Glycolysis Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 31. Glycolysis Deck (17)
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1
Q

How does glucose enter cells?

A

Facilitated diffusion using GLUT transport proteins

Na+ dependent co-transport

2
Q

How is glucose prevented from leaving the cell?

A

Trapped by phosphorylation

3
Q

What is the function of hexokinase?

A

Allows glucose to enter cells even when fasting

4
Q

What is hexokinase regulated by?

A

glucose-6-phosphate

5
Q

What is the function of glucokinase?

A

Minimises uptake of glucose while fasting

Prevents unnecessary synthesis of glycogen

6
Q

What is glucokinase regulated by?

A

Glucose

GkRP

7
Q

What is phosphofructokinase 1 inhibited by?

A

ATP

8
Q

What is glucokinase inhibited by?

A

Fructose-6-phosphate

9
Q

What is phosphofructokinase 1 activated by?

A

Fructose-2,6-biphosphate

10
Q

What controls phosphofructokinase 2 activity?

A

Insulin

Glucagon

11
Q

How does pyruvate enter mitrochondria?

A

Pyruvate transporter in inner mitochondrial membrane

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA

12
Q

What is the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex made up of?

A

3 enzymes

5 co-enzymes

13
Q

What are the metabolic fates of pyruvate?

A

Acetyl Co-A: enters TCA
Oxaloacetate: enter TCA
Reduction to ethanol

14
Q

What is pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency?

A
X-linked
Congenital lactic acidosis
Developmental defects
Muscular spasticity
Early death
15
Q

How does arsenic poisoning disrupt glycolysis?

A

Inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase

16
Q

Deficiency in which vitamins impairs pyruvate dehydrogenase function?

A

B1,2,3,5

17
Q

Name the intermediates in glycolysis

A
Glucose-6-phosphate
Fructose-6-phosphate
Fructose-1,6-biphosphate
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
1,3-biphosphoglycerate
3-phosphoglycerate
Pyruvate