3.11 Amines Flashcards
(17 cards)
Why can all amines act as bases
All amines can act as bases. There is a lone pair on the nitrogen which can accept a proton to form an ammonium ion
How is the strength of a base determined by
1. why amines (without benzene ring)
2. why amines (with benzene ring)
- positive inductive effect of alkyl group· Positive inductive effect of alkyl groups releases electron density towards N atom
· Lone pair of electrons on N is more available
· Stronger base than NH3 - · Lone pair of electrons on N atom delocalises into benzene ring
· Lone pair of electrons on N is less available
· Weaker base than NH3
How to ensure further substitution stops occurring and you get a high yield of primary amine
Use a large excess of ammonia
How to reduce nitriles
state reagents and conditions
an example of a reaction could be ethanenitrile to ethylamine
Hydrogen (H2)
Nickel catalyst
Suggest how to get Phenlyamine from Benzene
Use of amines
Making dyes or making hair conditioner
To form compound B they just did nucleophilic sub with the bromines twice, once for each bromine
To form C they just force the amide bond
How do you go from a nitrile bond (CN) to carboxylic acid (COOH)
One of acid hydrolysis or alkaline hydrolysis
Conditions : heat under reflux
Reagents :
* Acid : dilute HCL/H2SO4 + water
* Alkaline : Dilute NaOH/KOH + Water
You do not need to know mechanism
Completely ignore 2.1
Ticks on amide and amine
There is an amide bond and an amine bond
There is no ester
No ketone as the C=O is part of an amide bond, not representing a ketone
Completely ignore 2.1 and 2.2
Amide bond is broken
In acidic conditions, Amines are bases, so Amines become protonated to become ammonium salt
You should input the alternative answer for the other product formed as nitrogen will always get a plus in acidic conditions
Name CH3CH2-NH2-CH3
N-ethyl-N-methylamine
