3.2 Alkanes

Question 1

What are the features of fractional distillation that enable crude oil to be separated into fractions

Answer 1

Question 2

Purpose and Properties of thermal cracking

Answer 2

High temperature and high pressure
Break down larger molecules into smaller molecules
Produces mainly Alkenes

Question 3

What is the purpose of catalytic cracking and state it’s properties

Answer 3

Produces a high percentage of branches alkanes and cycloalkanes
Properties :
- high temperature
- slight pressure
- catalyst : zeolite

Question 4

What is a catalytic converter

Answer 4

A honeycomb structure which are made of platinum and rodium metals - which are the catalysts
- they are designed to convert harmful gases into less harmful ones
- a honeycomb structure increases surface area, increasing rate of reactions

Question 5

Draw the equipment of fractional distillation

Answer 5

Question 6

Answer 6

Fractional distillation
To seperate naptha from other compounds / to seperate them by chain length / size / boiling point

Question 7

Answer 7

2-2-dimethylpropane
ii) because molecule is smaller
Van de Waals forces in the longer chain is stronger and requires more energy to break
- there is more surface content in the longer chain

Question 8

Explain how oxides of nitrogen are formed in engines

Answer 8

Reaction of nitrogen and oxygen in the air
At high temperatures

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

How is Nitrogen Monoxide removed from exhaust gases formed in petrol-fueled cars

Answer 13

Catalytic converter