Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Section 3 > 3.12 Development of Blood Vessels and Cardiac Abnormalities > Flashcards

3.12 Development of Blood Vessels and Cardiac Abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

Mammalian embryo establishes blood vessels in:

A

-yolk sac (even though there is no yolk for nourishment)
-allantois
*extraembryonic vasculogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Blood vessels in yolk sac and allantois:

A

-reflects evolutionary history
-respiration can’t occur through lungs yet
*both choriovitelline and chorioallantois membranes can serve this function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Intraembryonic vasculogenesis:

A

-blood vessel formation within the embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2 temporally separate process for blood vessel development:

A
  1. Vasculogenesis
  2. Angiogenesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vasculogenesis:

A

-initial formation of blood vessels
>in embryo, a network of blood vessels is formed de novo from the LATERAL PLATE MESODERM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Angiogenesis:

A

-spouting of blood vessels from existing ones and remodelling of vascular beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hemangioblasts:

A

-cells more posterior to cardiogenic (heart) fields
>within splanchnic mesoderm
*precursors for BOTH blood cells and blood vessels in the yolk sac (and allantois)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hemangioblasts condense into aggregates:

A

-blood islands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Inner cells of blood islands:

A

-become blood progenitor cells
>hematopoietic stem cells for blood cell lineages
>outer cells: angioblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Angioblasts:

A

-precursors for blood vessels within embryo
-will proliferate and differentiate into endothelial cells to line the new blood vessels
>form tubes and connect to form a capillary plexus or network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vasculogenesis in yolk sac important to produce vessels that will:

A

-bring nutrients to embryo (if yolk)
-aid gas transport
-bring cells to heart for distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vessels from vasculogenesis in yolk sac:

A

-vitelline
-umbilical veins (from allantois)
*process of lumen formation is key

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Intra-embryonic vasculogenesis:

A

-vascular networks arise from individual angioblast progenitor cells originating in most mesodermal tissues of body
>not extension of larger vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Developing organs (vasculogenesis):

A

-produce paracrine factors that induce blood vessels to form in their own mesenchyme
>allows each developing vessel or capillary network to have own specific properties for the organ or group of organs
Ex. brain capillary network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Arteries and veins:

A

-differ from one another
>despite originating from same endothelial precursor (angioblast)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Arterial or venous identity of endothelial cells:

A

-established early on
>before angiogenesis onset, before onset of circulation
*notch stimulation=arterial
*less notch stimuli=venous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Arterial vs. venous surface receptors (during development)

A

-arterial: ephrin B2
-venous: ephrin B4
*on the ends: interact during anastomosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Primary vascular plexus:

A

-2 types of endothelial cells are present
*distinction is important for anastomosis of arterial capillaries with venous ones
>ensure fusion of capillaries to make larger vessels only occurs between the SAME type of vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Arterial system:

A

*overall result of folding places heart within pericardial cavity and bends developing aortae
-anterior parts: 2 ventral aortae
-posterior parts: join with developing venous system
-dorsal parts: dorsal aortae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Aortic arch arteries:

A

-from mesoderm with masses called pharyngeal arches
-form vascular link to aortic sac and paired dorsal aortae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cranial-caudal body folding results in:

A

-cranial parts of dorsal aortae bending
-aortic arches forming lateral to the foregut
*aortic arches develop sequentially NOT all at once

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Derivatives of aortic arches: 1

A

-R and L:
>most disappears, part of maxillary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Derivatives of aortic arches: 2

A

-R: most disappears, hyoid/stapedial arteries
-L: hyoid and stapedial arteries

24
Q

Derivatives of aortic arches: 3

A

-R and L, ventral: common carotid artery (contributes from ventral aortae)
-R and L, dorsal: internal carotid artery (contributions from dorsal aortae)

25
Q

Derivatives of aortic arches: 4

A

-R: proximal part of R. subclavian artery
-L. part of arch of aorta

26
Q

Derivatives of aortic arches: 5

A

-R and L:
>rudimentary (horse, pig)
>never develops (cattle)

27
Q

Derivatives of aortic arches: 6 (pulmonary)

A

-R: part of R. pulmonary artery
-L: part of L. pulmonary artery, ductus arteriosus

28
Q

Ductus arteriosus: from aortic arch 6 (pulmonary)

A

-becomes obliterated
>known as ligamentum arteriosum

29
Q

Dorsal aortae:

A

-extends caudally
>initially it is paired and then fuses into single vessel more caudally
*gives rise to Dorsal, Lateral and Ventral segmental arteries

30
Q

Dorsal segmental arteries:

A

-are paired
-found in each segment from cranial somites to the sacral region

31
Q

Dorsal segmental arteries: dorsally give rise to

A

-dorsal or spinal branches to supply neural tube and derivatives

32
Q

Dorsal segmental arteries: ventral branch

A

-on each side will supply the ventral body wall
>becoming intercoastal arteries in thoracic region
>becoming lumbar arteries in the abdominal region

33
Q

Dorsal segmental arteries: cervical region

A

-7 Dorsal pairs of segmental arteries form
-6 disconnect from aorta, but unite with 7th that remains connected
>form vertebral arteries

34
Q

Paired vertebral arteries:

A

-extend cranially and fuse to form a single basilary artery to supply the brainstem

35
Q

Lateral segmental arteries:

A

-more caudally
-develop from unpaired part of dorsal aorta
-supply organs developing from intermediate mesoderm
>become urogenital system

36
Q

Mesonephric, adrenal and genital ridge arteries:

A

-during development they form from Lateral segmental arteries
-become ovarian, testicular, and adrenal arteries

37
Q

Renal arteries:

A

-form from Lateral segmental arteries
*only with development of metanephros (future kidney)

38
Q

Ventral segmental arteries:

A

-affiliated with yolk sac and allantois

39
Q

Ventral segmental arteries: cranially

A

-vitelline arteries arise from unpaired part of aorta and supply yolk sac

40
Q

Loss of yolk sac:

A

-left vitelline artery will disappear
-right vitelline artery becomes the coeliac artery and superior mesenteric artery

41
Q

Ventral segmental arteries: most caudal pair

A

-develops from still unpaired portion of aorta in that region
>forms UMBILICAL arteries that supply allantois and placenta
>arteries move from aorta along allantoic duct through umbilicus

42
Q

Circulation before birth:

A

-oxygenated blood travels from placenta via left umbilical vein to liver
>most of it bypasses hepatic sinusoids via ductus venousus and enters caudal vena cava

43
Q

Small volume of blood from L. umbilical vein:

A

-passes through the sinusoids
>mixes with deoxygenated blood from portal vein, then enters the vena cava

44
Q

Before birth, oxygenation of blood entering R. atrium:

A

*is high
>reduced a little relative to the blood that originally came from the L. umbilical vein due to liver passage

45
Q

First branches given off the aortic arch:

A

-coronary arteries and brachiocephalic trunk
*blood with most oxygen will be given to the HEART MUSCULATURE and the BRAIN

46
Q

Some blood from caudal vena cava also:

A

-enters the R. atrium
-directed to R. ventricle and mixes with deoxygenated blood returning from head via cranial vena cava
*this blood will be pumped to the pulmonary trunk, but there is a great flow resistance her
>non-functioning lungs
-blood passes through ductus arteriosus to the aorta

47
Q

Ductus arteriosus to aorta:

A

-most of this blood will return to placenta via umbilical arteries for re-oxygenation

48
Q

Just prior to birth:

A

-umbilical arteries contract to prevent passage of blood to placenta

49
Q

At birth:

A

-umbilical veins will contract at birth to force blood in placenta into the circulation of the newborn
-contraction of ductus venosus also occurs

50
Q

Circulation after birth: immediately after birth

A

-musculature of ductus arteriosus contracts to close this shunt
-closure of foramen ovale begins
-umbilical artery remnants reorganized
-L. umbilical vein will be reorganized

51
Q

Umbilical artery reorganized:

A

-round ligaments of the bladder

52
Q

L. umbilical vein reorganized:

A

-round ligaments of the liver

53
Q

Clinical relevance:

A

-patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

54
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can lead to:

A

-rising pressure in aorta and L. ventricle forcing blood from aorta into pulmonary artery and sometimes R. ventricle

55
Q

PDA results in:

A

-cardiac output having to be increased to maintain circulation for normal function

56
Q

PDA can present as:

A

-machine-like or continuous murmur on auscultation over region of aortic and pulmonary valves

Anatomy Section 3 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions