3.12 - Polymers

Question 1

____ Polymers are generally Stronger & More Rigid than ____ Polymers?

Answer 1

Condensation

Addition

Question 2

Advantages of Burying Polymers?

Answer 2

Cheap & Easy

Question 3

When forming Polyamides, the OH group is ____ from the COOH group

Answer 3

Removed

Question 4

Addition Polymers are ____ (non-polar) because ____ ?

Answer 4

Chemically Inert

Carbon Skeleton consists of C-C single bonds

Question 5

Uses of Kevlar?

Answer 5

Bulletproof Vests, Fire Retardant Clothing,

Crash Helmets, Tennis Rackets

Question 6

Disadvantages of Combusting Chlorinated Polymers?

Answer 6

Acidic HCl Gas

Question 7

Why are Addition Polymers Non-Biodegradable?

Answer 7

Chemically Inert (Non-Polar)
Not Susceptible to attack by Nucleophiles

Question 8

Strongest IMF present in Kevlar is ____ which forms between ____ ?

Answer 8

Hydrogen Bonding

Lone Pair on N of one Amide Link & a H of another

Question 9

Catalysts: Hydrolysis of Polyamides

Answer 9

Aqueous Strong Acid (HCl)
or
Aqueous Strong Base (NaOH)

Question 10

When forming Polyamides, a H atom is ____ from the ____ of the amine

Answer 10

Removed

NH₂

Question 11

Three Reasons Kevlar is Strong due to its Structure

Answer 11

|> Chains are Planar - can pack closely together

|> IMFs between neighbouring chains are stronger than in other polymers

|> Strongest IMF is hydrogen bonding between Lone pair on N of amide link & a H on another

Question 12

Define: Hydrolysis

Answer 12

Breaking of a Bond using Water

Question 13

Advantages of Combusting Polyalkenes?

Answer 13

Produces Heat Energy

Question 14

Kevlar chains are ____, they can pack ____ ?

Answer 14

Planar

Close together

Question 15

Advantages of Recycling Polyesters?

Answer 15

|> Saves on Expensive Crude Oil
|> Saves Energy from Refining Crude Oil
|> Reduces waste going to Landfill
|> Produces less CO₂ than Combustion

Question 16

In Polyesters, what is the largest IMF present?

Answer 16

Permanent Dipole-Dipole

Question 17

When forming Polyesters, OH groups are ____ from COOH group

Answer 17

Removed

Question 18

What are Polyamide Monomers held together by?

Answer 18

Amide Links

Question 19

Why is a catalyst added to the Hydrolysis of Polyesters/Polyamides?

Answer 19

Reaction is v. Slow

Question 20

Why are Condensation Polymers generally Stronger than Addition Polymers?

Answer 20

Condensation Polymers contain Polar bonds

Question 21

Disadvantages of Burying Polymers?

Answer 21

|> Takes up Land
|> Releases Methane
|> Releases toxins which could contaminate water supplies

Question 22

When forming Polyesters, a H atom from the ____ of alcohol is ____ ?

Answer 22

OH group

Removed

Question 23

Reactants to form Polyesters?

Answer 23

Dicarboxylic Acid & Diols

Question 24

Why can Polyesters & Polyamides be Hydrolysed?

Answer 24

C=O is Polar - can be attacked by Nucleophiles

Question 25

Disadvantages of Combusting Polyalkenes?

Answer 25

Increases CO₂ levels | Incomplete combustion = CO or C particles

Question 26

Disadvantages of Combusting Polystyrene?

Answer 26

Toxic Styrene Vapour

Question 27

The ____ between neighbouring Kevlar chains are Stronger than in ____ ?

Answer 27

Intermolecular Forces | Other Polymers

Question 28

Reactants to form Polyamides?

Answer 28

Dicarboxylic Acid & Diamines

Question 29

What must a Single Monomer contain for a Polyamide to form?

Answer 29

an Amine (NH₂) & a Carboxylic Acid (COOH) functional group

Question 30

What are Polyester Monomers held together by?

Answer 30

Ester Links

Question 31

In Polyamides, what is the largest IMF present?

Answer 31

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 32

Functional Group: Amide

Answer 32

R-C(=O)-NH-

Question 33

Three methods of Disposing of Polymers?

Answer 33

|> Burying |> Combustion |> Sorting for Re-using/Recycling

Question 34

Uses of Nylon 6,6?

Answer 34

Clothing, Ropes, Carpets, Parachutes

Question 35

Uses of Polyesters?

Answer 35

Clothing, Carpets

Question 36

Products: Acid Hydrolysis of Polyamides

Answer 36

Dicarboxylic Acid & Alkyl Ammonium Salt

Question 37

Products: Alkaline Hydrolysis of Polyamides

Answer 37

Carboxylate Salt & Diamine

Question 38

Condensation Polymers are generally ____ & ____ than Addition Polymers?

Answer 38

Stronger | More Rigid

Question 39

Functional Group: Ester

Answer 39

R-C(=O)-O-R

Question 40

What do the 6s mean in Nylon 6,6?

Answer 40

|> 6 Carbons in constituent Diamine (1,6 - diaminohexane) |> 6 Carbons in constituent Dicarboxylic Acid (hexane-1,6-dicarboxylic acid)

Question 41

Products: Acid Hydrolysis of Polyesters

Answer 41

Dicarboxylic Acid & Diol

Question 42

Catalysts: Hydrolysis of Polyesters

Answer 42

Aqueous Strong Acid (HCl) or Aqueoue Strong Base (NaOH)

Question 43

Disadvantages of Recycling Polyesters?

Answer 43

|> Energy & Manpower is expensive (collection, transport, sorting) |> Technically Difficult |> Can't remake initial plastic - has to be something else

Question 44

Condensation Polymers are formed by Reactions Between:

Answer 44

Dicarboxylic Acids & Diols Dicarboxylic Acids & Diamines Amino Acids

Question 45

Why can Addition polymers NOT be Hydrolysed?

Answer 45

Non-Polar b/c Carbon skeleton consists of C-C single bonds

Question 46

What does a Single Monomer need to Contain in order to form a Polyester?

Answer 46

Both an Alcohol & a Carboxylic Acid functional group

Question 47

Reactants to form Kevlar?

Answer 47

1,4 - Diaminobenzene & Benzene-1,4-Dicarboxylic Acid

Question 48

Define: Condensation Polymers

Answer 48

Polymer formed from a series of chemical reactions in which two molecules are joined together & a small molecule is eliminated

Question 49

Single Monomer constituent of Nylon 6?

Answer 49

6-aminohexanoic Acid

Question 50

Why are Condensation Polymers Biodegradable?

Answer 50

|> Contain Polar Bonds |> Break Down naturally through Hydrolysis |> Susceptible to attack by Nucleophiles