Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AQA - A Level - Organic Chemistry > 3.9 Carboxylic Acids 1 > Flashcards

3.9 Carboxylic Acids 1 Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Why do Esters have Lower Boiling Points than their Carboxylic Acids?

A

Esters do not form Hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Properties of Esters?

A

|> Sweet Smelling Liquids (occur naturally in fruits)
|> lower boiling points than carboxylic acids
|> less soluble in water than carboxylic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define: Condensation reaction

A

Chemical reaction in which Two Molecules are Joined together with the Elimination of a Small Molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Carboxylate salts of fatty acids formed from the hydrolysis of triglycerides can be used as ____ ?

A

Soaps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Esters occur naturally in ____ ?

A

Fruits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why are Esters less soluble in water than Carboxylic Acids?

A

Do not form Hydrogen Bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the IUPAC name of Glycerol?

A

Propane-1,2,3-triol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Can Esters be formed by reacting a Carboxylic acid + Acid Anhydride?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acid + Metal |> ?

A

Salt + Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define: Hydrolysis

A

The Breaking of a Bond using Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Functional Group: Amides

A

R-C(=O)-NH₂

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acid + Carbonate |> ?

A

Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acid + Base |> ?

A

Salt + Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define: An Acid

A

A substance that donates H⁺ ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What state is an Oil at room temperature?

A

Liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What state is a Fat at room temperature?

A

Solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Functional Group: Acyl Chlorides

A

R-C(=O)-Cl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why don’t Carboxylic Acids with a high Mr dissolve in water?

A

Have a long Carbon chain that won’t dissolve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What kind of Carboxylic Acids are Soluble in Water?

A

Those with a low Mr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why are Carboxylic Acids with a low Mr soluble in water?

A

Hydrogen Bonding to Water Molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Type of Reaction: Acid + Carbonate

A

Neutralisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Carboxylic Acids react to form ___ salts?

A

Carboxylate Salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Carboxylate salts are ____ in water because they are ____ ?

A

Soluble

Ionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Test for Carboxylic Acids?

A

Add Na₂CO₃

Fizz due to CO₂

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Functional Group: Carboxylic Acids
R-C(=O)-OH
26
Can Esters be formed by reacting Acyl Chloride + Acid Anhydride?
No
27
Can Esters be formed by reacting Acid Anhydride + Alcohol?
Yes
28
Triglycerides found in Oils often contain ____ fatty acids?
Unsaturated
29
Define: Hydrolysis
The Breaking of a Bond using Water
30
Why do Carboxylic Acids have relatively High Melting Points and Boiling Points?
Form Hydrogen bonds between the Molecules
31
What kind of isomers are Esters & Carboxylic Acids?
Functional Group isomers
32
General Equation: Obtaining Carboxylic Acid from Carboxylate Salt
RCOO⁻Na⁺ + HCl |> RCOOH + NaCl
33
Functional Group: Acid Anhydrides
R-C(=O)-O-C(=O)-R
34
General Equation: Acid Anhydride + Alcohol |> Ester
(RCO)₂O + R'OH |> R-C(=O)-O-R' + RCOOH
35
General Formula: Carboxylic Acid
CₙH₂ₙO₂
36
Type of Reaction: Acid + Base
Neutralisation
37
General Formula: Esters
CₙH₂ₙO₂
38
General Equation: Hydrolysis of Triglycerides
H-C-((H₂C-O-C(=O)-R)₂)-O-C(=O)-R + 3NaOH |> HC-((H₂C-OH)₂)-OH + 3 RC(=O)-O⁻Na⁺ Where R is a long chain fatty acid
39
General Equation: Acyl Chloride + Alcohol |> Ester
R-C(=O)-Cl + R'OH |> R-C(=O)-OR' + HCl
40
General Equation: Acid Hydrolysis of Esters
R-C(=O)-O-R + H₂O R-C(=O)-OH + R'OH
41
General Equation: Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol |> Ester
R-C(=O)-OH + R'OH |> R-C(=O)-OR' + H₂O
42
Type of Reaction: Acid + Metal
Redox
43
General Equation: Alkaline Hydrolysis of Esters
R-C(=O)-O-R' + NaOH R-C(=O)-O⁻Na⁺ + R'OH
44
Functional Group: Esters
R-C(=O)-O-R'
45
General Equation: Manufacture of Biodiesel
H-C-((H₂C-O-C(=O)-R)₂)-O-C(=O)-R + 3CH₃OH |(KOH)> HC-((H₂C-OH)₂)-OH + 3 RC(=O)-O-CH₃ Where R is a long chain fatty acid
46
Conditions: Acid Hydrolysis of Esters
Reflux with HCl or H₂SO₄
47
Conditions: Alkaline Hydrolysis of Esters
Reflux with NaOH(aq) or KOH(aq)
48
Products: Acid Hydrolysis of Esters
Carboxylic Acid & Alcohol
49
Products: Alkaline Hydrolysis of Esters
Carboxylate Salt & Alcohol
50
Conditions: Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol |> Ester
Heat
51
Conditions: Acid Anhydride + Alcohol |> Ester
Gently Warm
52
Conditions: Acyl Chloride + Alcohol |> Ester
Room Temp
53
Catalyst: Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol |> Ester
Conc. Sulfuric Acid
54
Why do Carboxylic Acids have Higher Boiling Points than Alcohols?
Forms More Hydrogen Bonds so more Energy is required to break
55
How are Esters Named?
Parent Alcohol followed by Parent Carboxylic Acid E.g. Ethanoic Acid + Methanol |> Methyl Ethanoate
56
To make Biodiesel, ____ ____ are reacted with ____ in the presence of a catalyst?
Vegetable Oils | Methanol
57
Why is Ethanoic Anhydride used instead of Ethanoyl Chloride to make Aspirin?
|> Cheaper |> Less Corrosive |> Safer (Doesn't produce toxic HCl(g) ) |> Reacts less readily with water
58
Uses of Esters?
|> Food Flavourings |> Perfumes |> Solvents |> Plasticisers
59
Three Methods of Preparing Esters?
Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol Acid Anhydride + Alcohol Acyl Chloride + Alcohol
60
Equation to make Aspirin from Carboxylic Acid & Acid Anhydride?
2-hydroxybenzoic Acid + Ethanoic Anhydride |> | Aspirin + Ethanoic Acid
61
Triglycerides found in Fats often contain ____ fatty acids?
Saturated
62
Conditions: Hydrolysis of Triglycerides
Reflux
63
Products: Hydrolysis of Triglycerides
Glycerol | Carboxylate salts of Fatty Acids
64
Catalyst: Manufacture of Biodiesel
KOH or NaOH | alkaline
65
Why does the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Esters have a Better Yield than the Acid Hydrolysis?
Is not Reversible
66
The reaction of a Carboxylic acid with an Alcohol to form Esters is ____ ?
Reversible
67
The process of making Biodiesel from Triglycerides is called ____ ?
Transesterification
68
Where do Triglycerides occur naturally?
Animal Fats | Vegetable Oils
69
Why must you use conc. Sulfuric acid in the reaction between Carboxylic acid & Alcohol to form Esters?
Weak Acid has Water in so Equilibrium would shift Left
70
Biodiesel is a mixture of ____ ____ of long chain carboxylic acids?
Methyl Esters
71
Why are Carboxylic acids Weak acids?
Only Partially Ionise in Aqueous Solution

AQA - A Level - Organic Chemistry (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions