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Unit 7 History > 31.4 > Flashcards

31.4 Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

What was the Nassar Generation trying to do?

A

Build a strong nation in the Middle East even though they were rich in oil and other natural resources

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2
Q

What groups tried to stop the Nassar Generation?

A

Internal division and autocratic governments

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3
Q

What is the middle east?

A

A region stretching to Egypt, Iran, Arabian Peninsula, and Turkey

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4
Q

What were the religions in the middle east? Who was the majority? Who dominated in Israel?

A
  • Muslims (Majority)
  • Jewish (dominant in Israel)
  • Christians
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5
Q

What two countries carved ME into mandates or dependencies?

A

Britain and France

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6
Q

What countries did these mandates turn into?

A
  • Iraq
  • Syria
  • Lebanon
  • Jordan
  • Israel
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7
Q

Who were the Kurds?

A

Ethnic group in the North Middle East (it was a minority in all countries)

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8
Q

What did the Kurds face? (Especially in Turkey and Iraq)

A
  • Discrimination
  • Brutal Treatment
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9
Q

What did the Kurds do in the early 1970s?

A

Rebels fought Turkish forces and many Kurds died

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10
Q

When did Kurds give up the violence w Turkey?

A

1999 though tensions still remained

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11
Q

What war was Iraq defeated in?

A

1991 Gulf War

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12
Q

What did the Kurds do after Iraq’s defeat in 1991?

A

They rebelled and set up their own government

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13
Q

Who supported the Kurds and their new government? (two countries)

A
  • US
  • Britain
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14
Q

What did Britain support as part of the mandate?

A

Jewish homeland (Palenstine)

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15
Q

Who accepted the Palestine plan and who rejected it?

A
  • Arabs (rejected)
  • Jews (accepted)
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16
Q

Why did Arabs not want to give up Palestine?

A

Because they thought it belonged to them

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17
Q

When did Britain withdraw from Pal?

A

1948

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18
Q

What did the Arabs do after the Jews claimed Israel?

A

They declared war against Jews but they lost

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19
Q

How did the Jews develop rapidly in Israel?

A
  • Skilled workers
  • Force
  • Growing businesses
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20
Q

What did Kibbutzim do?

A

Developed crops for export

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21
Q

What is a Kibbutz?

A

Collective farm

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22
Q

Conflicts in 1948 created what?

A

Refugee problems

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23
Q

Many Pal Arabs fled homes in where?

A

Israel

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24
Q

What did the UN set up to try and solve refugee problems?

A

Camps in surrounding areas to house refugees

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25
What kind of government ruled most of the ME?
Autocratic
26
In some countries who seized power?
Nationalist military leaders
27
What kind of government system is in Jordan and Saudi Arabia?
Hereditary Monarchy
28
What kind of government is in Turkey and Israel?
Multiparty Democracy
29
What led to ME trade with US?
Their rich oil resources
30
Oil rich countries were apart of what organization? When was it founded?
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting (OPEC) founded in the 1960s
31
What did OPEC do in 1973? (hurt the US)
Stopped supplying the US with oil because of their support of Israel
32
What did some ME countries adopt?
Western forms of secular
33
What does secular mean?
Non religious governments and laws and separating the government from religion
34
What did some cities in the ME adapt to?
US lifestyle
35
What did the Muslim leaders call for a return to in the 1970s?
Return to Sharia (Islamic law)
36
What do conservative reformers (or Islamists) blame all social and economic ills on?
Following the West
37
What do Islamists feel the only way to save to economy is?
Returning to the Islamic Doctrine
38
What does doctrine mean?
Teachings of thoughts or beliefs
39
What did many urban women give up in some countries?
The traditions hejab
40
What is a hijab?
A traditions Muslim headscarf and wearing loose fitting ankle length garments to conceal
41
Where were women required to wear Hejabs?
- Saudi Arabia - Iran
42
Why were women less likely to attend school in Islamic countries?
Because of the idea that women are supposed to be wives and others
43
What country has the largest population of the Arab nations and lives along the Nile?
Egypt
44
What country does Egypt share a border with?
Israel
45
What canal does Egypt control?
Suez Canal
46
What countries does the Suez Canal connect?
- East Africa - Asia - Europe
47
What did Gamal Abdel Nasser do in 1952?
He seized power from Egypt with the goal to modernize and get rid of Wester domination
48
What did Nasser do to the canal in 1956?
He nationalized it ending Britain and France control`
49
How did Britain and France react to the canal?
Attacked w military until US and SU forced them to withdrawl
50
What did Nasser lead against Israel?
2 unsuccessful wars
51
Because the US supported Israel who did Egypt look for support in?
SU
52
Who was the first Arab leader to make peace with Israel?
1979 Nasser's successor Anwar Sadat
53
Was did Sadat do with Soviet ties?
He weakened them and sought US aid
54
What did Islamist speak about to end poverty?
Undemocratic failure
55
Who killed Sadat in 1981?
Muslim fundamentalists
56
Who was Sadat's successor and what did extremists do under his rule?
Hosni Mubarak and extremists went to terrorism and that led to more support for the Islamists
57
What do vast oil fields focus on?
Cold War interests
58
What did Iran ruler Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi favor?
West but he faced nationalist critics
59
Who were the critics led by?
Mohammad Mosaddeq
60
Who was elected Prime Minister in 1951?
Mosaddeq
61
What did Mosaddeq do when he was PM?
Nationalized foreign owned oil industy
62
With US aid what did Shah do?
Outran Mosaddeq and returned oil industry to Western control and Iranians were outraged
63
What did Shah use the oil wealth for?
Give land to peasants and build the industry
64
What did Shah give to women?
New rights
65
What did Shahs secret police do?
Terrorized the growing population of critics
66
Who did Shahs foes rally behind?
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
67
The Aya. (religious leader) condemned what?
Western Influence
68
What did foes accuse Shah of?
Violating Islamic Law
69
Khom and supporters proclaimed what?
An Islamic republic
70
What New gov was a...
Theocracy
71
What is theocracy?
Government ruled by religious leaders
72
Country ran on what law?
Islamic
73
What did Islamist seize in 1979?
American embassy in the capital where they held 52 hostages for a year
74
Islamists faces a war with what country?
Iraq and they still had tense relations with the US
75
What did the US accuse Iran of backing up?
Terrorists
76
What did the US accuse Iraq of after 2003?
- Providing fighter weapons against US - Developing nuclear weapons
77
Who had the worlds largest oil reserves?
Saudi Arabia
78
Who has ruled Saudi Arabia since the 1920s?
Sa'ud kings
79
How was the kings rule justified?
By strict loyalty to Wahhabi sect of Sunni Islam
80
What did Saudi Arabia economic development relied on what?
Oil exports to the West
81
What did the US give S Arabia in return?
Military support
82
What did S Arabia do after they joined OPEC in 1973?
Pulled out and returned to their relations with the west
83
What did the royals do to gain support?
They backed up fundamentalist religious leaders who critizezed relations with the west
84
What did critics adopt?
Terrorist tactics
85
What were some tactics critics used?
- Attacking US mil compound in 1996 - Attacked US consulate in 2004
86
What did attacks threaten to disrupt?
Oil industry
87
Who had similar struggles with the oil industry?
Monarchs along the Persian Gulf
88
What is Bahrain?
A growing opposition (people who follow Shiite Islam) toward royal family (follow Sunni Islam)

Unit 7 History (3 decks)

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