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Unit 7 History > 32.2 > Flashcards

32.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did many nations in Africa win in the 50s and 60s?

A

Independence

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2
Q

African nations are home to many what?

A

Ethnic groups but many didn’t share languages

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3
Q

What divided the people?

A
  • Religious differences
  • Rivalries
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4
Q

One group normally dominates at what?

A

Others expenses

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5
Q

What did the Cold War cause?

A
  • Internal conflicts
  • Civil War
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6
Q

In the 1910s South Africa had what?

A
  • Self Rule
  • Was free from Britain
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7
Q

The freedom in SA was limited to who?

A

White settlers

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8
Q

Who created the majority and what did they not have?

A

Black people and they didn’t have the right to vote

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9
Q

How much of the SA pop did whites create?

A

less than 20%

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10
Q

What did white control?

A
  • government
  • economy
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11
Q

What did whites pass?

A

Laws restricting black majority

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12
Q

After 1948 gov does what?

A

Expands racial segregation system and created apartheid

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13
Q

What does apartheid mean?

A

Separation of races

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14
Q

What were the four main races in SA?

A
  • White
  • Black
  • Asian
  • Mixed
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15
Q

What did apartheid supporters claim?

A

That it would help each race develop culture

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16
Q

What was apartheid designed to do?

A

Protect white control in SA

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17
Q

What were black people treated as in their own country?

A

Foreigners

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18
Q

What did black people have to get permission to do?

A

Travel

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19
Q

What kind of relationships were banned?

A

Marriages between races

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20
Q

What kinds of places were segregated?

A
  • Beaches
  • Schools
  • Restaurants
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21
Q

What were some living issues cause by segregation?

A
  • Black workers payed less
  • Black people couldn’t own land almost everywhere
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22
Q

What condemned many black people to poverty?

A
  • Low wages
  • Inferior schooling
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23
Q

What is the African National Congress (ANC)?

A

Main organization that opposed apartheid and led the struggle for majority rule

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24
Q

Once apartheid started ANC organized what?

A
  • Marches
  • Boycotts
  • Strikes
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25
What did police do in 1960?
Killed 69 men women and children during a peaceful demonstration in Sharpeville
26
What is Sharpeville?
Black township
27
What did ANC do after Sharpeville attack?
When from nonviolence to armed struggle
28
Who is Nelson Mandela?
- An ANC leader who encouraged nonviolence - When gov violence grew Mandela joined ANC militants calling for armed struggle
29
What happened to Mandela in 1960?
He was arrested and sentenced to life in prison for opposing apartheid
30
What did Mandela become?
A symbol for freedom
31
What did US and other countrie impose on SA?
Economic sanctions
32
Who won a nobel peace prize in 1984 and why?
Desmond Tutu for his nonviolent acts against apartheid
33
Who was Desmond Tutu?
Black south african bishop overcoming apartheid
34
Who was F W de Kelerk?
President in South Africa
35
What caused Klerk to end Apartheid?
- Outside pressure - Protests
36
What did Klerk do in 1990?
- Unbanned AMC - Released Mandela
37
What happened in 1994?
All Africans allowed to vote
38
Who was elected as first President for the true democratic SA?
Mandela
39
Who did Mandela welcome into new gov?
Political foes (whites who supported apartheid)
40
What were there not a lot of funds for in 1994?
- Housing - Education - Other programs
41
After apartheid ended how much land did whites still own?
3/4 of the land
42
What were so issues that remained after the end of apartheid?
- Poverty and unemployment still high for black people - Crime rates high
43
who supported white minority rule?
apartheid in Namibia and Zimbabwe
44
Brit and france gave up land who refused to give land back?
Portugal
45
How did nationalists respond to Portugal?
Guerilla warfare it was 15 years of fighting until portugal lost
46
What countries were free from Portugal in 1975?
- Angola - Zimbabwe
47
What fuels civil wars in Africa?
Cold war rivalries
48
Who did SA and US see as threats and why?
new nations because they had ties with the SU and ANC
49
US and SA aided who?
Rebel groups toward the angola gov
50
SA also aided what groups?
Rebel groups in Mozambique
51
When did the fighting stop in Mozambique?
1992 major damage and high tensions
52
When did the fighting stop in Angola?
2002 major damage and high tensions
53
What were some ethnic conflicts in Africa?
- Historic resentment - Unjust governments - Regional rivalries
54
What were the two main groups of Rwanda?
- Hutus (majority) - Tutsi (dominator)
55
Both sides spoke the same language but had different what?
Traditions
56
The two groups had tensions but what eased those tensions?
Independence
57
When did tensions worsen?
1990
58
What did Hutu officials advise in 1994?
For Hutus to kill Tutsis and moderate hutu neighbors
59
How many were killed by this?
800,000
60
Who many Rwandans lost their homes and why?
3 million out of their 8 million population because of mob violence
61
Who sent troop to Rwanda to end the fighting?
France after the international community did nothing
62
Where were the ones accused of genocide sent?
To international court
63
What did world leaders promise after Rwanda?
to end all future genocides
64
Who had guerilla fighting for a very long time?
Burundi
65
When was the peace treaty in Burundi signed?
2000 though fighting still remained
66
What happened in Sudan after they got independence?
Arab Muslim north dominated not arab no muslim south
67
What did the Arab gov create?
Policed discriminating against non muslims and other ethnic groups
68
What did the gov impose in non muslim areas?
Islamic law
69
Why did million flee homes?
- War - Drought - Famine
70
When was there a cease fire between sudan and rebels?
2004
71
Where did fighting worsen?
Darfur
72
What is Darfur?
West region of sudan
73
Gov allowed arab militias to terrorize no arab muslims how?
- Burned villages - Drove farmers off land - Sent many to refugee camps
74
Where did the fighting spill into?
Chad
75
Who sent major aid to refugees?
US and UN
76
What was the pressure on Sudan?
To accept the UN peace keepers
77
What was the death toll?
Over 200,000

Unit 7 History (3 decks)

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