3.1.4 - health status indicators Flashcards
(19 cards)
Health status
An individual’s or population’s overall health taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability, + levels of disease risk factors.
Health indicators
Standard statistics that are used to measure + compare health status (eg. life expectancy, mortality rates, etc).
Self-assessed health status
An individual’s own opinion about how they feel about their health, their state of mind, + their life in general.
- Subjective
Life expectancy
The number of years of life, on average, remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change.
- Doesn’t provide information on health issues facing a country.
Health-adjusted life expectancy
The average length of time an individual at a specific age can expect to live in full health; that it, the time lived without the health consequences of disease or injury.
- Indicator of quality + quantity of life.
Mortality + mortality rate
- The number of deaths in a population in a given period.
- (aka death rate) the measure of the proportion of a population who die in a one year period (usually per 100,000).
Infant mortality rates
The rates of deaths of infants before their first birthday, usually expressed per 100,000 live births.
Under-five mortality rate (UFMR)
The number of deaths of children under 5 years of age per 1000 live births.
Maternal mortality rate
The number of mothers who die as a result of pregnancy, childbirth, or associated treatment per 100,000 women who give birth (or 100,000 live births).
Morbidity
Ill-health in an individual + the levels of ill-health in a population (often expressed through incidence + prevalence).
Incidence
Refers to the number (or rate of new cases of a disease/condition in a population during a given period.
Prevalence
The total number/proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.
Morbidity requiring care
GP visits
Hospitals
GPS visits
Involves a range of interventions (eg, prescribing medicined, administering vaccinations, + discussing test results).
Hospitals
Encompasses care for chronic conditions (+ treatment) + emergency care.
- Hospital separations - episodes of hospital care that start with admission + end at transfer, discharge, or death.
Burden of disease (BOD)
A measure of the impact of disease + injuries, specifically measuring the gap between current health status + an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease + disability.
- Takes impact of morbidity + mortality into account.
Disability adjusted life-years (DALY)
Measure of BOD. One DALY = one year of healthy life lost due to illness + disability.
YLL + YLD = DALY
Years of life lost (YLL)
A measure of how many years of life are lost due to premature death (LE - death = YLL).
Years lost due to disability (YLD)
Measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to disease, injury, or disability .
