3.1.6 - modifiable factors (dietary risks)

Question 1

Underconsumption of veg + CVD, cancer

Answer 1

Veg are a source of antioxidants which reduce the impact of the impact of free radicals in the body (can damage healthy body cells + increase risk of diseases such as CVD, cancer, etc)

Question 1

Underconsumption of veg + high BMI

Answer 1

Veg instead of energy dense foods can assist in weight management + reduce risk of high BMI.
- Good source of fibre = satiety.

Question 2

Underconsumption of veg + neural tube defects

Answer 2

Folate is found in veg + plays a role in the development of the brain + spinal cord in prenatal stage (underconsumption = neural tube defects, etc. spina bifida).

Question 3

Underconsumption of fruit + high BMI

Answer 3

High in fibre = fuller for longer, preventing overeating + snacking on energy dense foods, protecting against weight gain.

Question 4

Underconsumption of fruit + cancer, CVD, neural tube defects.

Answer 4

Similar role as veg.

Question 5

Underconsumption of diary + osteoporosis

Answer 5

Calcium strengthens bones + prevents osteoporosis (conditioned characterised by weak/porous bones).

Question 6

Underconsumption of fairy + CVD

Answer 6

Increase risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension, + stroke.

Question 7

Underconsumption of dairy + colorectal cancer

Answer 7

Consuming more than 1 serve of dairy per day decreases the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Question 8

Underconsumption of dairy + T2D

Answer 8

Underconsumption of milk/milk products + consumption of refined sugars/CHO instead = increase risk of T2D.

Question 9

Underconsumption of dairy + dental caries

Answer 9

Teeth not as strong as they should be, increases risk.

Question 10

High intake of fat + high BMI

Answer 10

Function of fats is fuel for energy production so will contribute to weight gain if contributed energy isn’t used.

Question 11

High intake of fat + CVD

Answer 11

Too much LDL = deposited on walls of blood vessels so blood has less room to travel to cells, which causes cholesterol deposits to allow other substances to become embedded = hardening + narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis).

Question 12

High intake of fat + T2D

Answer 12

Diet high in trans + sat fat are shown to change the composition of cell membranes = interfere with the transport of glucose to the cell = increase impact of impaired glucose reg + T2D.

Question 13

High intake of fat + colorectal cancer

Answer 13

Sat + trans fat = increases high BMI which is a risk factor for colorectal cancer.

Question 14

High intake of salt + hypertension

Answer 14

High levels of sodium = draw excess fluid out of cells = increase blood volume + contribute to hypertension.

Question 15

High intake of salt + CVD

Answer 15

Increase blood volume + hypertension = heart has to work harder which can contribute to heart failure + CVD.

Question 16

High intake of salt + osteoporosis

Answer 16

Excess sodium = calcium excreted in urine contributing to demineralisation of bones + osteoporosis.

Question 17

High intake of sugar + high BMI

Answer 17

Sugar is required as fuel for energy production but is stored as adipose/fat tissue if consumed in excess.

Question 18

High intake of dental caries + dental diseases

Answer 18

Sugars produce a food source for bacteria in the mouth which produces acids that can contribute to dental decay + the development of dental caries.