3.1.6 ATP

Question 1

What does ATP stand for

Answer 1

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 2

What is atp made from

Answer 2

1 - adenine
2 - ribose
3 - phosphates

Question 3

What’s adenine

Answer 3

An organic base containing nitrogen

Question 4

What’s ribose

Answer 4

A sugar molecule with a 5-carbon ring structure (pentose)

Question 5

How many phosphate groups are attached

Answer 5

3

Question 6

What compounds do organic bases act as

Answer 6

Protons acceptors

Question 7

What would adenine + ribose + 1 phosphate be called

Answer 7

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)

Question 8

What would adenine + ribose be called

Answer 8

Adenosine

Question 9

Whats released when bonds in atp are broken

Answer 9

Energy

Question 10

What derivative is ATP classed as

Why

Answer 10

Nucleotide derivative

It’s a molecule made of a sugar, phosphate group and nitrogen - contains base

Question 11

What bonds are key to the energy being released

Answer 11

The bonds between the 3 phosphates

Question 12

2 facts about each bond

Answer 12

Unstable

Low activation energy

Question 13

How much energy do you need to apply to break ATP bonds

Answer 13

Not much

Question 14

What lowers activation energy

Answer 14

Enzymes

Question 15

What’s applied to break each bond

What reaction is this

Answer 15

Water

Hydrolysis reaction

Question 16

What are the products when water is added to ATP to break bonds

Answer 16

ADP + Pi (+E)

Question 17

What’s ADP

Pi

Answer 17

Adenosine diphosphate

Inorganic phosphate

Question 18

What’s the hydrolysis of ATP catalysed by

Answer 18

ATP hydrolase enzyme (ATPase)

Question 19

What’s the only phosphate usually removed to produce ADP in living cells

Answer 19

The terminal (end) phosphate

Question 20

What type of reaction is the hydrolysis of ATP

Why

Answer 20

Exothermic

Gives out energy

Question 21

How can ATP be made/synthesised

Answer 21

By adding an inorganic phosphate group to ADP

Question 22

What reaction is the synthesis of ATP

Why

Answer 22

Condensation

Water is produced

Question 23

What catalyses the synthesis of ATP

Answer 23

ATP synthase

Question 24

What type of reaction is the condensation reaction to make ATP
why

Answer 24

Endothermic

Uses energy

Question 25

What are the 3 instances in which synthesis of ATP occurs

Answer 25

Photosynthesis Respiration In plant/animal cells

Question 26

What's the process atp is made in in photosynthesis

Answer 26

Photophosphorylation

Question 27

What's the process atp is made in in respiration

Answer 27

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 28

Where does respiration occur

Answer 28

In mitochondria

Question 29

When is atp made in plant/animal cells | What's the process called

Answer 29

When phosphate groups are donated to ADP from other molecules Substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 30

What does phosphorylation mean

Answer 30

Adding phosphate

Question 31

What's a disadvantage of unstable bonds in ATP

Answer 31

they make it a bad long-term energy store

Question 32

What type of energy store is atp | What's the other type

Answer 32

ATP - immediate energy store | Fats and carbohydrates - long-term energy storage

Question 33

Why is it ok for cells to use a large quantity of ATP

Answer 33

As ATP is re-formed quickly meaning a little ATP can make a large amount of energy

Question 34

What component will cells that need to produce a lot of ATP have

Answer 34

Mitochondria

Question 35

5 uses of ATP

Answer 35

``` Metabolic processes Active transport Movement Secretion (releasing) Activating molecules ```

Question 36

Example of a metabolic process using atp

Answer 36

Anabolic reactions (building large molecules from small ones) e.g amino acids -> proteins

Question 37

What does active transport do

Answer 37

Moves particles from an area of low concentration to high concentration

Question 38

Example of where atp is useful in active transport

Answer 38

In small intestine when glucose is sent to blood

Question 39

What's atp used to move

Answer 39

Muscle filaments past each other to allow the muscle to contract

Question 40

What is atp used to make that's necessary for cells to secrete molecules

Answer 40

Lysosomes (in cells that contain enzymes)

Question 41

What's activating molecules a use of

Answer 41

Inorganic phosphate

Question 42

What's inorganic phosphate used for other compounds for when atp is hydrolysed What does this lower

Answer 42

Used to make other compounds more reactive | Lowers activation energy of enzyme-catalysed reactions

Question 43

What's atp like in water

Answer 43

Very solute

Question 44

What cells is atp found in

Answer 44

Prokaryotic (bacteria)

Question 45

What's some of the energy produced from atp hydrolysis released as

Answer 45

Heat

Question 46

What's some of the heat energy released by atp hydrolysis used for in birds/mammals

Answer 46

To maintain a constant internal temperature