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Unit 3 Disease Charts > 3.2 > Flashcards

3.2 Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

does spinal shock have anything to do with perfusion/cardiac issues

A

no; strictly to motor and sensory issues

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2
Q

in spinal shock, below SCI we see loss of

A

all reflexes
sensation
motor function

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3
Q

What reflex is lost of shock phase of spinal shock

A

Bulbocavernosus reflex

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4
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia generally occurs when there SCI at what level

A

T6 and above

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5
Q

below the injury in autonomic Dysreflexia, what nervous system is in charge

A

sympathetic domination

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6
Q

above the injury in Autonomic Dysreflexia, what nervous system is in charge

A

parasympathetic domination

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7
Q

most common cause of Autonomic Dysreflexia

A

UTI/urinary retention

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8
Q

second most common cause of Autonomic Dysreflexia

A

fecal impaction

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9
Q

central cord syndrome is often due to

A

hyperextension injury or syringomyelia

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10
Q

what is the most common incomplete spinal cord injury

A

central cord syndrome

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11
Q

what tracts are commonly damaged in central cord syndrome

A

lateral corticospinal (bilaterally)
anterior gray horn (bilaterally)
sympathetic fibers

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12
Q

what is typically spared in central cord syndrome

A

dorsal column

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13
Q

motor deficit in central cord syndrome is great in what extremities

A

upper extremities > lower extremities

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14
Q

how do we describe the sensory deficit distribution in central cord syndrome

A

shawl distribution

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15
Q

anterior cord injury is commonly due to

A

blowout vertebral body burst fracture (flexion)
anterior spinal artery injury or occlusion

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16
Q

anterior cord syndrome usually spares what tract

A

dorsal white column

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17
Q

Posterior cord syndrome is commonly due to

A

syphillis
Frederick’s ataxia
multiple sclerosis
B12 deficiency
posterior spinal stenosis

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18
Q

Brown sequard syndrome is commonly due to

A

penetrating trauma

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19
Q

micturition reflex

A

increased parasympathetic
decreased sympathetic
detrusor muscle contracts
internal sphincter opens
decreased motor input to external sphincter–> external sphincter opens

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20
Q

what area in the brain allows us to STORE our urine

A

pontine storage center

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21
Q

what area in the brain allows us to urinate

A

pontine micturition center

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22
Q

what type of incontinence do we see in spinal shock

A

overflow incontinence due to detrusor hyporeflexia

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23
Q

what type of incontinence do we see after spinal shock has resolved

A

urge incontinence due to detrusor hyperreflexia

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24
Q

what type of incontinence do we see in MS

A

urge incontinence due to detrusor hyperreflexia

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25
what type of incontinence do we see in PD
urge incontinence
26
what type of hypersensitivity rxn is acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
type 4
27
large difference between ADEM and MS
ADEM - single event of demyelination in a child MS - progressive and recurrent bouts of demyelination in young adults
28
are symptoms for ADEM sudden or gradual
sudden
29
what is a required feature of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
encephalopathy
30
what is the study of choice for evaluating most acute head injuries
CT head without contrast
31
do we have degeneration of white matter or gray matter in multiple sclerosis
white matter
32
What is the most common form of multiple sclerosis
relapsing-remitting disease (episodic exacerbations)
33
what are the most common presenting symptoms in MS
sensory disturbances weakness visual disturbances
34
what pain syndrome is commonly seen in multiple sclerosis
trigeminal neuralgia
35
what is Uhthoff's phenomena that we often see in MS
worsening of symptoms with heat
36
what is Lhermitte's sign in MS
neck flexion causes lightning shock type pain radiating from the spine down the leg
37
Marcus-Gunn pupil in MS patients with optic neuritis
during swinging flashlight test from unaffected eye to affected eye, the pupils dilate
38
What imaging is best for MS
T2 weighted MRI with FLAIR
39
How many areas of white matter involvement should you see in MS before making a diagnosis
at least 2
40
what will you see on LP for MS
increased IgG and oligoclonal bands
41
first line treatment for MS
IV high dose glucocorticoids
42
what part of the spinal cord is affected in poliomyelitis
anterior horns
43
what types of symptoms will be see in poliomyelitis
flaccid paralysis due to destruction of anterior horns
44
what is poliomyelitis caused by
poliovirus
45
most common transmission with poliomyelitis
fecal-oral transmission
46
how long can poliovirus shed in stool
up to 6 weeks
47
best way to test for poliovirus
stool sample
48
for conductive hearing loss, what would we expect
weber heard in affected ear rinne: BC > AC in affected ear
49
for sensorineural hearing loss, what would we expect
weber heard in normal ear rinne: normal bilaterally; AC > BC
50
Charcot's triad in MS
nystagmus staccato speech intention tremor
51
in what section of the spine does transverse myelitis most commonly occur
thoracic region
52
what is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by
polyomavirus JC
53
what does the polyomavirus JC attack
oligodendrocytes --> unable to reform myelin
54
are symptoms gradual or sudden in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
gradual
55
UMN symptoms in ALS are due to
frontal and corticospinal
56
LMN symptoms in ALS are due to
spinal cord and brainstem
57
what type of shock do we commonly see in spinal cord injuries
neurogenic shock; this is a type of distributive shock
58
what NS is damaged and what NS dominates in neurogenic shock
Sympathetic - damaged Parasympathetic - dominates
59
What is the triad we see in neurogenic shock
hypotension bradycardia hypothermia
60
Port wine stains are commonly associated with
Sturge Weber syndrome
61
where are port wine stains found in sturge weber syndrome
generally alone the trigeminal nerve distribution
62
3 main findings in sturge weber syndrome
port wine stains leptomeningeal angiomatosis ocular involvement (glaucoma)

Unit 3 Disease Charts (7 decks)

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