3.2 Flashcards
(25 cards)
retention of facts and experiences that we can consciously know and declare
explicit memory
explicit memory is also called
declarative memory
we encode many explicit memories through conscious _____
effortful processing
encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
effortful processing
unconscious encoding of incidental information
automatic processing
retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection
implicit memory
implicit memory is also called
non-declarative memory
a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli
iconic memory
a phtographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a seconds
iconic memory
a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli
echoic memory
if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within this range of seconds
3 to 4 seconds
he proposed that we can store about seven pieces of information in short term memory
george miller
we can store about how many pieces of information
seven
young adults tends to have greater working memory capacity. TRUE OR FALSE
true
What is the difference between automatic and effortful processing, and what are some examples of each?
Automatic processing occurs unconsciously (automatically) for such things as the sequence and frequency of a day’s events, and reading and comprehending words in our own languages). Effortful processing requires attentive awareness and happens, for example, when we work hard to learn new material in class, or new lines for a play.
At which of Atkinson-Shiffrin’s three memory stages would iconic and echoic memory occur?
sensory memory
organizing items into familiar, manageable units
chunking
memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
mnemonics
My Vry Educated Mother just Served Us Noodles is an example of
mnemonic
presenting words either randomly grouped into categories
hierarchies
the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study
spacing effect
this can produce speedy short term learning and an inflated feeling of confidence
massed practice
massed practice is also called as
cramming
this practice produces better long term recall
distributed practice
