3.2 Anatomy of Mouth, Pharynx & Esophagus

Question 1

mouth

Answer 1

• beginning of the gastrointestinal tract
• made of
  lips
  tongue
  cheeks
  hard & soft palate
  uvula

Question 2

Lips

Answer 2

form the opening of the mouth

Question 3

Tongue

Answer 3

forms the floor of the mouth
- a muscle attached to the mandible, hyoid bone and lingual frenulum to contract for movement

Question 4

Cheeks

Answer 4

form the walls of the mouth

Question 5

Hard & Soft Palate

Answer 5

form the roof of the mouth

Question 6

Uvula

Answer 6

forms the posterior border of the mouth
- a process that hangs inferiorly from its attachment to the soft palate

Question 7

Lingual frenulum

Answer 7

the vertical mucous membrane by which the body of the tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth

Question 8

mastication

Answer 8

a mechanical process where food is chewed by the teeth in the mouth

Question 9

Amylase

Answer 9

enzyme derived from the salivary glands

Question 10

Maxilla

Answer 10

upper arch of teeth

Question 11

Mandible

Answer 11

lower arch of teeth

Question 12

number of teeth

Answer 12

set of 32

Question 13

Types of teeth

Answer 13

• Incisors (central & lateral)
• Canine (cuspid)
• Premolar (bicuspid)
• Molar

Question 14

Incisors

Answer 14

chisel shaped tooth for biting

Question 15

Canine (cuspid)

Answer 15

pointed tooth for tearing

Question 16

Premolar (bicuspid)

Answer 16

increasingly flat tooth for grinding

Question 17

Molar

Answer 17

flat teeth for crushing

Question 18

main parts of a tooth

Answer 18

• root
• neck
• crown

Question 19

root

Answer 19

• largest portion of each tooth
• located within the alveolar process of the jaw bone

Question 20

neck

Answer 20

located within the upper portion of the gums (gingiva)

Question 21

crown

Answer 21

• visible portion of the tooth
• lies above the gum line

Question 22

Dentin

Answer 22

bone-like substance composing most of each tooth

Question 23

Enamel

Answer 23

• located on the surface of the crown
• very hard connective tissue that protects the rest of the tooth.

Question 24

Pulp cavity

Answer 24

• At the center of each tooth
• contains nerves and blood vessels
• allows for sensations of heat, cold, and pain

Question 25

Tongue

Answer 25

- grips the food - constantly repositions it between the teeth - forming it into a bolus - pushes the bolus back to the pharynx to begin the process of swallowing

Question 26

Bolus

Answer 26

compact mass of masticated food

Question 27

Papillae

Answer 27

- raised bumps on the tongue - circumvallate - fungiform - filiform

Question 28

Taste buds

Answer 28

- chemical receptors that are stimulated by the chemical composition of food - found primarily on the tongue, surface of the mouth & wall of the pharynx - located within circumvallate and fungiform papillae

Question 29

Pharynx

Answer 29

- the throat - connects the mouth to the esophagus

Question 30

Parts of the Pharynx

Answer 30

- nasopharynx (where air enters the nose or nasal cavity) - oropharynx - laryngopharynx

Question 31

Types skeletal muscles in Pharynx

Answer 31

- circumferential outer layer - inner longitudinal layer - contract alternatively causing peristalsis which squeezes food into the esophagus.

Question 32

Epiglottis

Answer 32

a flap of elastic cartilage that covers the larynx when swallowing food or liquid

Question 33

Coughing

Answer 33

- clears the larynx - body’s way of preventing aspiration of food or liquid into the lungs.

Question 34

Aspiration

Answer 34

food or liquid into the lungs can cause aspiration pneumonia

Question 35

Esophagus

Answer 35

- extends from the pharynx to the stomach passing through diaphragm - a muscular tube, containing four layers of tissue

Question 36

Four layers of digestive tissue

Answer 36

- mucosa - submucosa - muscularis externa - serosa - found in esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

Question 37

Mucosa

Answer 37

- first or innermost layer - secretes mucus into the interior the gastrointestinal tract

Question 38

Submucosa

Answer 38

- second layer - contains blood and lymph vessels, lymph nodes, nerves, and mucous glands

Question 39

Muscularis externa

Answer 39

- third layer - made of two layers of muscle - outer longitudinal fibers - inner circumferential fibers

Question 40

Serosa

Answer 40

- fourth and outermost layer - made up of cells that make serous fluid