3.2- contribution of agencies in social control Flashcards
(30 cards)
what is an ASBO given for
anti social behaviour
what is anti social behaviour
behaviour that is likely to cause harassment, alarm or distress, as established under Anti Social Behaviour Act 2003
What is the consequence of a breach of ASBO
civil order becomes criminal,
unlimited fine or 5 years in prison
What is the aim of ASBO
protect public from anti social behaviour
2 advantages of ASBO
Provides a legal mechanism for authorities to respond and manage this behaviour
Encourages parents to take responsibility of their children’s behaviour
2 disadvantages of ASBO
Labelling theory argues that this label can become internalised and offenders start to live up to it
The use on children as young as 10 risks pushing them into the CJS as they are likely to break the conditions, as they are children
What is a CBO used for
to target persistent offenders of anti social behaviour
What happens if you breach a CBO
It is a criminal order, with breach leading to imprisonment or fine and a criminal record
What is a difference between CBO and ASBO
CBO can include requirements such as attending courses, which ASBOS do not
2 Advantages of CBO
As breaching is a criminal offence, it may act as a general deterrence for public to continue reoffending
More effective than ASBO as targets more serious and persistent offenders, rather than petty such as loud music
Disadvantage of CBO
In 2018, 3386 individuals breached their CBO so it is not effectively preventing crime
What is a token economy
rewards good behaviour and punishes bad, through the use of tokens
2 advantages of a token economy
attempts to modify the offenders behaviour through rewards to meet the norms of society
links to operant conditioning, which is proven to be effective
2 disadvantages of token economy
studies have shown when offenders leave environment and reinforcements end, so does the behaviour, so it is not effectively modifying
Bromley briefing states that 64% reoffend after one year of leaving the behaviour, so it does not have a lasting effect
Who came up with Crime Prevention through Environmental Design
Oscar Newman stated that defensible areas decrease the risk of crime.
what are defensible areas
areas with clear ownership and boundaries
what are examples of defensible areas
removal of overhead walkways, which increases surveillance
increase big windows
CCTV
2 strengths of CPTED
Damilola Taylor highlights the need for this, due to his case being difficult due to restricted areas creating a lack of evidence
estate in London removed overhead walkways and lead to a 50% reduction
2 weaknesses of CPTED
does not help with crimes inside the home, such as domestic violence.
cannot explain crimes that do not involve physical intrusion to the community, such as fraud
what are gated lanes
gates placed on the end of an alleyway to prevent dog fouling and robbery
2 strengths of gated lanes
Residents become responsible for controlling access, increasing natural surveillance
Sidebottom stated that it may reduce the rewards of crime, as it will be difficult to access the area
2 weaknesses of gated lanes
expensive- ranging between 800-4k per gate, which means it may cause crime displacement
cannot prevent crime from criminals inside the lane
how does gaps in state provision link to dark figure of crime
dark figure of crime is unreported crime.
60% of crimes are unreported
this is a limitation for police as they are not able to effectively control offenders
how does gaps in state provision link to technology
police and CPS can be limited in investigations, as it can cause delays.
it takes 600 hours for CPS to look through Phone records in Rape cases.
