3.2 Contribution of Agencies to achieving social control

Question 1

What are ‘Defensible spaces’ and how are they beneficial?

Answer 1

• Defensible spaces have clear boundaries to give a safe image and increase community territorality (e.g. cul-de-sacs)
• They have natural surveillance with unrestricted view which will help with protection

Question 2

What suggestions did Alice Coleman make to improve CPTED?

Answer 2

No more housing blocks should be built, any block should have private gardens that the residents are responsible for, get rid of overhead walkways.

Question 3

Explain the example of Gated Communities for CPTED?

Answer 3

• Gated lanes are lockable alleyways to stop offenders access especially on terraces
• They reduce burglary rate as, they provide a physical barrier, residents gain a sense of territoriality
• Criticisms = doesn’t tackle internal crime, can’t tackle intangible crime, there are problem families instead of problem areas

Question 4

Which theories does CPTED link to?

Answer 4

• Situational crime prevention = makes it harder to commit crime
• Rational choice theory = if an offender is challenged, they are likely to stay away

Question 5

What is the limitations of Gated Communities?

Answer 5

Doesn’t deal with criminals already inside, gated communities restrict emergency access.

Question 6

What are ASBOs and explain what they do.

Answer 6

• Introduced in 2000 to deal with low level anti-social behaviour, they are civil orders and can lead to punishment if broken – don’t work as by 2014 24,000 issued with a 58% breach rate.
• Seen to cause a self-fulfilling prophecy and seen to be a badge of honour.

Question 7

Explain what CBOs are?

Answer 7

• Crime Behaviour orders are those given to seriously anti-social Individual’s and forbids them doing things e.g. going places
• They require Individual’s to comply to certain activities e.g. drug treatment

Question 8

What are token economies?

Answer 8

uses institutions to try and make offenders behave desirably, uses operant conditioning (skinner) to reinforce good behaviour with rewards

Question 9

What cuts were made to the budget of the police, CPS and Prison service?

Answer 9

Budget cuts:
- Police 2011-2018 = cut by 19%
- CPS = 2011-2020 there was a 30% decrease
- prison = 15% loss, lost 1/3 of officers between 2017-2020

Question 10

What is the impact of Mobile Phones on the collection of evidence?

Answer 10

Mobile phones have resulted in more failures to disclose evidence and will likely miss evidence – especially with reduced staff – Liam Allen

Question 11

3 examples of crime that go unreported?

Answer 11

¼ of rape cases, domestic abuse and White-Collar Crime