3.3 Limitations for agencies in achieving social control

Question 1

Repeat offending:
1) What is Recidivism + Stat
2) Example of an increased prison sentence
3) Who is likely to re-offend
4) How does Prison link to right realism?

Answer 1

1) Recidivism = repeat offending, 48% within 1yr, 64% within 2yrs
2) Example of increased prison sentence = in 2003 murder was minimum 12.5 years whereas now it is 20years
3) Groups of people more likely to re-offend = re-offenders, those who have served prison time, males, homelessness + addicts
4) Offenders act rationally when committing crime, so it acts as a deterrent – challenged by high re-offending rates

Question 2

Civil Liberties and Legal Barriers:
1) Why are there abuses of human rights in authoritarian states?
2) 3 civil liberties?
3) Police breaking civil liberty?
4) Civil Liberty linked to due process model?

Answer 2

1) Because the police have fewer restrictions to force citizens to behave a certain way e.g. 2018 suspicious deaths in Turkey
2) 3 civil liberties = freedom of speech, freedom of religion, right to privacy
3) CCTV breaches right to privacy
4) freedom from detention without trial

Question 3

Access to resources + support:
1) Why does Prison fail to rehabilitate
2) Challenges faced by newly released?
3) Why do those with community sentences re-offend?

Answer 3

1) short sentences, inadequate resources + limited programmes as funding as reduced officers
2) Lack of money (only given £46), Lack of job (¼ have jobs), homelessness.
3) Inadequate rehabilitation (too few specialists programmes like drug treatments), inadequate supervision from NPS

Question 4

Finance:
1) Police funding cuts?
2) What issues do funding cuts have on prisons?
3) What issues does the NPS face?

Answer 4

1) 19% loss between 2010-2018, 20,000 fall in staff, more cases dropped
2) Budget cuts have caused crisis in prison = HMP Birmingham 2016 – worst riots in 25yrs due to overcrowding and staff shortages
3) Staff shortages, failure from CRCs (Community rehab companies), lack of confidence in service from CJS

Question 5

1) One gov policy influencing nation wide policing?
2) A policy one local police unit might introduce + why?

Answer 5

1) Government policy influencing police work = 2019 national policy to make it easier for police to carry out stop and searches
2) Local policy police may enforce = in areas with high knife crime, education + stop and searches may increase

Question 6

1) What is a moral imperative + example?
2) How did the Suffragettes break law + why?
3) How did the Stanstead 15 break the law + why?

Answer 6

1) Moral imperative is an overriding sense of what is right – someone acts on it e.g. Clive Ponting leaked info about Falklands.
2) The Suffragettes broke the law by setting fire to post-boxes + smashing windows, their moral imperative was to get parliament to change the law on voting – 1918 vote given to women over 30.
3) The Stansted 15 had their case of ‘endangering an aerodrome’ when they were campaigning against deportation quashed.

Question 7

What are the 5 main limitations for agencies achieving social control?

Answer 7

• Recidivism + Re-offending
• Civil Liberties and Legal Barriers
• Access to resources and support
• Funding
• Moral Imperatives