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Physiology > 5.6 Calcium Homeostasis > Flashcards

5.6 Calcium Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Importance of calcium

A

Nerve and muscle excitability
Neurotransmitter release from axon terminals
2nd messenger in intracellular signaling
Major constituent of bone

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2
Q

Most of total body calcium is in ___

A

Bone

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3
Q

Importance of phosphorus

A

Enzyme activation/inactivation
Major constituent of DNA, RNA and other phosphoproteins
Major component of bone

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4
Q

Majority of phosphorus is in __

A

Bone

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5
Q

Contains the second most abundant storage of phosphorus

A

ICF

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6
Q

The most biologically important form of calcium

A

Free ionized form

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7
Q

Calcium RDA for adults

A

around 1000 mg

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8
Q

Major dietary source of calcium

A

Dairy products

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9
Q

Organ which is the major site of phosphorus homeostasis

A

Kidneys

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10
Q

The Bone forming cell responsible for secreting and depositing organic matrix that will form the new bone (osteoid)

A

Osteoblast

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11
Q

Cells that promote bone resorption

A

Osteoclast

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12
Q

Signals for activation and maturation of osteoclasts

A

RANK ligands
Various interleukins
Cytokines

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13
Q

A group of osteoclasts and osteoblasts that carries out the process of bone remodeling

A

BMU or Basic Multicellular Unit

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14
Q

Relative length of bone remodeling

A

3 months

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15
Q

Most important hormone in regulating ca

A

Parathyroid hormone

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16
Q

Primary regulator for secretion of PTH

A

Ionized calcium

17
Q

Primary stimulus for secretion of PTH

A

Decreased plasma ionized calcium

18
Q

in the presences of calcium, GPCR activates this effector which leads to the inhibitions of PTH secretion and synthesis

A

Protein Lipase C/phospholipase C

19
Q

Hormone which inhibits gene expression of PTH

A

Calcitriol

20
Q

___ terminal of PTH contains the biologically active sequence

A

Amino terminal

21
Q

Net effect of PTH

A

Increase serum calcium

Decrease serum phosphorus

22
Q

Effect of PTH on Bone

A

Stimulate both osteoblasts (directly) and osteoclasts (indirectly)

23
Q

How PTH increases serum Ca via the kidneys

A

PTH increases Ca reabsorption at the thick ascending limb and early distal convoluted tubule

24
Q

Effect of calcitriol on bone

A

Represses synthesis of type 1 collagen

induces synthesis of osteocalcin

25
Q

Enzyme which acts upon 25 hydroxycholecalciferol to produce 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol; activated form of calcium)

A

1alpha-hydroxylase

26
Q

Source of calcitonin

A

Thyroid gland, C cells or clear cells or parafollicular cells

27
Q

Effect of calcitonin

A

Promote bone deposition and inhibits osteoclastic resorption

28
Q

PTH and Ca levels in hypoparathyroidism

A

Low PTH, Low Ca

29
Q

Signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia

A

Neuromuscular irritability: cramping, tetany, tingling, paresthesia, chvostek’s sign

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