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Physiology > 5.7 Other Hormones > Flashcards

5.7 Other Hormones Flashcards

0
Q

Class of eicosanoids that cause vasoconstriction

A

Thromboxanes

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1
Q

Class of eicosanoids that cause vasodilation

A

Prostacyclins

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2
Q

Class of eicosanoids that cause renin release and bronchoconstriction

A

Prostaglandins

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3
Q

Class of eicosanoids that mediate inflammation and allergic reactions

A

Leukotrienes

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4
Q

eicosanoids are derived from
A. Lactic acid
B. Carbonic acid
C. Arachidonic acid

A

C. Arachidonic acid

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5
Q

Major pathway for liberating arachidonic acid

A

Phospholipase A2

Phospholipase C-B is an indirect pathway to obtain arachidonic acid

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6
Q

Primary source of leptin

A

Adipocytes

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7
Q

Leptin binds to
A. Gcpr receptor
B. cytokine receptor
C. Catalytic receptor

A

B. cytokine receptor

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8
Q

Which is a potent vasoconstrictor?
A. HETE
B. EET

A

A. HETE

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9
Q

HETE and ETE are responsible for RELEASE OF INTRACELLULAR CA STORES and INCREASED CELL PROLIFERATION.

TRUE OR FALSE.

A

TRUE

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10
Q 
Inhibits food intake
A. Leptin
B. Ghrelin
C. Growth hormone
D. Prostaglandin
A

A. Leptin

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11
Q

Leptin stimulates: @-MSH; inhibits: _________

A

Lepton inhibits NPY cause this stimulate food intake

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12
Q

Which pair is correct
A. NPY- anorexigenic
B. @-MSH - orexigenic
C. AGRP - orexigenic

A

A. NPY- anorexigenic WRONG. NPT stimulates food intake, Ghrelin
B. @-MSH - orexigenic WRONG MSH inhibits food intake, Leptin
C. AGRP - orexigenic CORRECT AGRP stimulates food intake Ghrelin

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13
Q 
Plays a role in tumor suppression and tumor metastasis
A. Prostaglandin
B. Leukotrienes
C. NO
D. Erythropoietin
A

C. NO

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14
Q

NO is synthesized from
A. Lysine
B. Tryptophan
C. Arginine

A

C. Arginine via NOS

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15
Q

Which is responsible for vasodilation
A. mNOS
B. eNOS
C. nNOS

A

A. mNOS - immune cell regulation
B. eNOS - CORRECT : vasodilation
C. nNOS - neural effect

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16
Q

Potent vasoconstrictor of endothelial cells

A

Endothelin

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17
Q 
Which induces NO formation
A. ETA1
B. ETA2
C. ETB1
D. ETB2
A

A. ETA1 - vasoconstrictor, major isoform
B. ETA2 - does not exist
C. ETB1 - vasodilation, induces NO formation CORRECT
D. ETB2 - vasoconstrictor

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18
Q

Serotonin and melatonin are derived from
A. Tryptophan
B. Tyrosine
C. Arginine

A

A. Tryptophan

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19
Q

If one is blind this hormone level is always high because there is no circadian rhythm
A. Serotonin
B. Endothelin
C. Melatonin

A

C. Melatonin

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20
Q

Stimulates aldosterone secretion
A. Serotonin
B. Melatonin
C. Erythropoietin

A

A. Serotonin

21
Q 
Which hormone/s bind/s to cytokine receptors
A. Eicosanoids and NO
B. Endothelin
C. Ghrelin and eicosanoids
D. Serotonin and melatonin
E. Leptin and erythropoietin
A

E. Leptin and erythropoietin

22
Q

Only stimulus that controls melatonin secretion

A

Light

23
Q

Probable oxygen sensor for erythropoietin

A

Heme protein

24
Q

Which state is the sensor ON
A. oxygenated
B. Deoxygenated

A

A. oxygenated - ON: O2 binds to Heme protein, decreased EPO production
B. Deoxygenated - OFF, less O2 binds to heme protein, increased EPO production

25
Q 
EPO synthesis is stimulated by
A. Polycythemia
B. Iron
C. Calcium
D. Hypoxemia
A

D. Hypoxemia

26
Q

Biologically active metabolites derived from arachidonic acid are called __

A

Eicosanoids

27
Q

Importance of eicosanoids

A

Important in mediating paraxrine and autocrine effects of inflammation

28
Q

Enumerate major classes of eicosanoids

A

Prostaglandins
Prostacyclins
Thromboxanes
Leukotrienes

29
Q

The enzyme actived by GPCR which releases arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids

A

PLA2

30
Q

Thromboxanes mediate these effects

A

Platelet aggregation

Vasoconstriction of small blood vessels

31
Q

Prostacyclins have these effects

A

Inhibit platelet aggregation

Vasodilation

32
Q

Also known as the cytochrome p450 pathway in synthesis of eicosanoids

A

Epoxygenase pathway

33
Q

Product of epoxygenase pathway that is responsible tor cell proliferation and causes the release if intracellular calcium stores

A

HETE (hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid)

34
Q

Degrades PG and TX

A

15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase

35
Q

Receptor for leptin

A

Cytokine receptor

36
Q

Leptin is produced when there is a (lower or higher) quantity of fat

A

Higher. Tells the body to stop eating or gaining more fat.

37
Q

Orexigenic hormone that stimulates hunger jn the brain

A

NPY or neuropeptide Y

38
Q

Anorexigenic hormone that decreases food intake

A

a-MSH or alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone

39
Q

The neurons in the __ of the hypothalamus regulate appetite and energy expenditure

A

Arcuate nucleus

40
Q

Type of neuron in te arcuate nucleus which release a-MSH, decreasing food intake and increasing energy expensiture

A

POMC neurons

41
Q

Tyoe of neuron in the arcuate nucleus which release ARGP and NPY, increasing food intake and reducing energy expenditure

A

AGRP-NPY neurons

42
Q

Hormone which activates (+) AGRP-NPY neurons and stimulates food intake

A

Ghrelin

43
Q

Hormone which inhibits (-) AGRP-NPY neurons and stimulates (+) POMC-CART neurons, thereby reducing food intake

A

Leptin

44
Q

Nitric oxide is synthesized from

A

Arginine

45
Q

Mechanism of action of nitric oxide: activates enzyme __ in the cytoplasm

A

Guanylyl cyclase

46
Q

Is a vasoactive substance produced by the endothelium which is a potent vasoconstrictor agent in damaged blood vessels

A

Endothelin

47
Q

The most important endothelin in regulating tone if vascular smooth muscle

A

Endothelin 1 (ET1)

48
Q

When outside environment is dark, this hormone induces sleep, lowers body temp, and lowers metabolic rate

A

Melatonin

49
Q

Primary stimulus for secretion of erythropoeitin

A

Decreased oxygen delivery

50
Q

Type of receptor for EPO

A

Cytokine receptor

Physiology (27 decks)

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