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PE > 3.29 Performance enhancing drugs > Flashcards

3.29 Performance enhancing drugs Flashcards

1
Q

drug

A

substance other than food which has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body

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2
Q

performance enhancing drug

A

substance used by athletes to improve performances which artificially enhances personal characteristics

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3
Q

why might athletes take performance enhancing drugs?

A

-make the most of their sporting life
-calm their nerves
-mask an injury
-desire to be the best
-winning gives financial rewards

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4
Q

what are the different types of performance enhancing drugs?

A

-anabolic steroids
-stimulants
-narcotic analgesics
-peptide hormones
-beta blockers
-diuretics

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5
Q

what are the reasons people take anabolic steroids?

A

-enhance performance
-mimic testosterone
-increased muscle mass
-increased bone development
-prevents muscle wastage
-repair body tissues after stress
-ability to train harder with less fatigue

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6
Q

how does anabolic steroids work?

A

they artificially produce testosterone

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7
Q

side effects of anabolic steroids

A

-heart disease
-high blood pressure
-bone, tendon and ligament weakness
-severe liver disorders
-aggressive behaviour
-facial hair growth and deepening of the voice in women

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8
Q

what sports are likely to use anabolic steroids?

A

-weight lifters
-power lifters
-sprinter
-shot put
-javelin

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9
Q

what are the reasons for taking beta blockers?

A

-maintains a low heart rate and blood pressure
-produces calming effect
-blocks adrenaline
-reduces muscle shaking
-reduces anxiety

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10
Q

how do beta blockers work?

A

‘sit’ on receptors and stop the receptor from being stimulated

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11
Q

side effects of beta blockers

A

-nausea and diarrhoea
-tiredness
-depression
-insomnia and nightmares
-lower blood pressure

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12
Q

what sports are likely to use beta blockers?

A

-archery
-darts
-diving
-target shooting
-snooker

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13
Q

what are the reasons for taking diuretics?

A

-increasing kidney function and increases amount of urine produced
-speeds up elimination of fluids from the body
-reduces body weight
masking agent, flushes out traces of banned substances in body so they don’t show up in tests

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14
Q

side effects of diuretics

A

-dehydration
-muscle weakness and cramps
-heart damage
-dizziness and nausea
-kidney problems

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15
Q

what sports are likely to use diuretics?

A

-jockeys
-boxers

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16
Q

what are the reasons for taking narcotic analgesics?

A

-suppresses pain
-recover from injury quicker
-make the most of a short sporting life

17
Q

how do narcotic analgesics work?

A

they intercept signals from the brain and dampen the effect of painful stimuli

18
Q

side effects of narcotic analgesics

A

-loss of concentration
-loss of balance
-loss of coordination
-further damage to injury

19
Q

what sports are likely to use narcotic analgesics?

A

-sprinting
-boxers
-netball
-swimming
-gymnastics

20
Q

what are the reasons for taking stimulants?

A

-excite the nervous system
-raise heartrate
-improve reactions of a performer
-display increased confidence in their level of ability
-work for longer periods without tiring

21
Q

side effects of stimulants

A

-irritability and aggressive behaviour
-insomnia
-irregular impulse
-performer may feel low after the effects have worn off
-addiction

22
Q

what sports are likely to use stimulants?

A

-most of them

23
Q

what are the different types of peptide hormones?

A

-growth hormone
-EPO

24
Q

what does human growth hormone do?

A

increases muscle mass and therefore strength

25
Q

what doe EPO do?

A

increases red blood cells production and therefore increases oxygen delivery to working muscles

26
Q

what are the reasons for taking growth hormones?

A

-similar to anabolic steroids
-promotes muscle growth
-speeds up recovery from injury and heavy training sessions

27
Q

side effects of human growth hormone

A

-abnormal growth of hands/feet
-arthritis
-diabetes
-heart failure

28
Q

side effects of EPO

A

-increased thickness of blood
-blood clots/stroke
-increased risk of heart attack

29
Q

what sports are likely to use human growth hormone?

A

-sprinting
-weight lifting
-wrestling

30
Q

what sports are likely to use EPO?

A

-long distance cycling
-long distance running
-rugby, basketball, football

PE (21 decks)

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