Classification and characteristics of muscle types

Question 1

describe the use of muscles

Answer 1

muscles are used in every day life all the time, sports people are reliant on the power of muscles to compete, we need muscles to allow our skeletal system to move

Question 2

what are the different types of muscles?

Answer 2

-voluntary
-involuntary
-cardiac

Question 3

what do voluntary muscles do?

Answer 3

enable movement throughout the body

Question 4

describe how voluntary muscles work

Answer 4

-these are attached to bones and they work whenever we want them to
-these muscles are under our conscious control, you decide when and how to use them

Question 5

what do involuntary muscles do?

Answer 5

essential in maintaining healthy body systems

Question 6

describe how involuntary muscles work

Answer 6

-they have many roles such as digesting food and expelling waste from the body
-it works without you consciously controlling it, or even being aware of it

Question 7

where are the involuntary muscles found?

Answer 7

these are found on the walls of internal organs and contract in waves

Question 8

what do cardiac muscles do?

Answer 8

vital in sport because in makes the heart pump

Question 9

where are cardiac muscles found?

Answer 9

a special type of muscle that forms the walls of the heart chambers

Question 10

describe how cardiac muscles work

Answer 10

-it responds to an internal electrical impulse and contracts causing a heart beat
-this contraction drives blood around the body so oxygen can be delivered and waste products removed
-it works not stop without tiring

Question 11

what kind of training improves your cardiac muscles?

Answer 11

fitness training will strengthen cardiac muscles making the heart more efficient at pumping blood around the body

Question 12

what is vascular shunting?

Answer 12

-it’s regarding the redistribution of blood where the involuntary muscles control the internal diameter of the blood vessels
-this means blood is redirected to where it s most needed e.g. away from the stomach and towards the working muscles
-this occurs through vasodilation and vasoconstriction

Question 13

how is movement produced?

Answer 13

-movement is produced when voluntary muscles, attached to bones by tendons, contract and the skeletal and muscular systems work together to produce movement
-a contracting voluntary muscle pulls on a bone, which alters the angle at a joint and movement is produced

Question 14

what is the main action at the deltoid?

Answer 14

move the arm in all directions at the shoulder

Question 15

what is the main action at the bicep?

Answer 15

flexion at elbow

Question 16

what is the main action at the abdominals?

Answer 16

flexes trunk so you can bend forward

Question 17

what is the main action at the quadriceps?

Answer 17

extend the leg at the knee

Question 18

what is the main action at the pectorals?

Answer 18

adduct the arm at the shoulder

Question 19

what is the main action at the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 19

adduct and extend the arm at the shoulder

Question 20

what is the main action at the external obliques?

Answer 20

pull the chest downwards, rotate spinal column, side bend

Question 21

what is the main action at the triceps?

Answer 21

extension at elbow

Question 22

what is the main action at the gluteus maximus?

Answer 22

adduct and extend the leg at the hip

Question 23

what is the main action at the hamstring?

Answer 23

flex the leg at the knee

Question 24

what is the main action at the tibialis anterior?

Answer 24

pull the toes upwards towards the shin

Question 25

what is the main action at the gastrocnemius?

Answer 25

plantar-flexion at ankle

Question 26

what is the main action at the hip flexors?

Answer 26

flex the hip, helps move the knee up towards the body

Question 27

how does an antagonistic muscle pair work??

Answer 27

the agonist works with the muscles and the antagonist is the muscle working against it

Question 28

what are the antagonistic pairs?

Answer 28

-biceps and triceps
-hip flexor and gluteus maximus
-hamstrings and quadriceps
-tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius2