Short term effects of exercise

Question 1

cardiac output

Answer 1

the volume of blood pumped out of the heart per minute

Question 2

stroke volume

Answer 2

the amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat

Question 3

heart rate

Answer 3

the number of beats per minute

Question 4

anticipatory rise

Answer 4

heart rate starts to rise slighting before exercise because of adrenaline

Question 5

minute ventilation

Answer 5

the amount of air inhaled or exhaled per minute, measured in l

Question 6

tidal volume

Answer 6

the amount of air inhaled or exhaled per breath, measured in ml

Question 7

frequency

Answer 7

the number of breathes taken per minute, measured in breaths

Question 8

vital capacity

Answer 8

the maximum amount of air exhaled following a maximum inhalation

Question 9

vascular shunting

Answer 9

the redistribution of blood during exercise

Question 10

vasodilation

Answer 10

widening of lumen in the blood vessel to increase the volume of blood travelling through it

Question 11

vasoconstriction

Answer 11

narrowing of lumen in the blood vessel to decrease the volume of blood travelling through it

Question 12

muscle fatigue

Answer 12

reduction in a muscle ability to produce force

Question 13

lactate accumulation

Answer 13

build up of lactic acid in the blood and muscles due to an increased work intensity

Question 14

what is the cardiac output equation?

Answer 14

stroke volume x heart rate= cardiac output

Question 15

how does the cardiac output equation alter during exercise?

Answer 15

-stroke volume and heart rate increases resulting in cardiac output increasing
-the working muscles need more oxygen
-meaning blood needs to circulate around the body more quickly
-the heart therefore increases the amount of blood being pumped per minute
-this allows the oxygen to be delivered more quickly
-meanwhile carbon dioxide is carried away more quickly

Question 16

what are the short term effects of exercise on stroke volume?

Answer 16

1. the average resting stroke volume is 70ml/beat, depending on fitness levels
2. stroke volume increases as exercise intensity rises, the heart contracts with more force, which squeezes out more blood per contraction
3. the heart can only contract so hard, therefore when it reaches this point, stroke volume reaches its peak and can’t go any higher
4. as exercise intensity increases, the stroke volume reduces slightly, this is because the heart rate gets so high there is not enough time for the heart to fully fill with blood between beats

Question 17

what are the short term effects of exercise on heart rate?

Answer 17

1. average resting heart rate is 75 bpm
2. heart rate starts to rise slightly before exercise- anticipatory rise
3. during exercise the heart rate increases with intensity
4. heart rate reaches a plateau, this occurs either where exercise allows, or when it reaches its maximum
5. following exercise the heart rate remains elevated then slowly reduces

Question 18

what are the short term effects of exercise on cardiac output?

Answer 18

1.average resting cardiac output is around 5l/min
2. cardiac output starts to rise slightly before exercise- anticipatory rise
3. during exercise, the cardiac output increases with intensity
4. cardiac output reaches a plateau, this occurs where exercise allows, or when it reaches its maximum
5. following exercise the heart rate remains elevated, then slowly reduces

Question 19

what is the minute ventilation equation?

Answer 19

tidal volume x frequency = minute ventilation

Question 20

what piece of equipment can be used to measure lung values?

Answer 20

spirometer

Question 21

what do lines upward on a spirometer mean?

Answer 21

represent inhalation

Question 22

what do lines downward on a spirometer mean?

Answer 22

represent exhalation

Question 23

what are the short term effects of exercise on the respiratory equation?

Answer 23

-during exercise your working muscles demand more oxygen
-as a result your lungs need to inhale more air
-this causes your breathing frequency and tidal volume to increase
- this allows more oxygen to diffuse into the blood stream and circulate around the body
-it also allows more carbon dioxide to leave the body through exhalation

Question 24

what is the vascular system?

Answer 24

the vessels that carry blood around the body

Question 25

what are the short term effects of exercise on the vascular system?

Answer 25

during exercise it is crucial to send blood to the working muscles, this is to allow the oxygen and nutrients to be delivered where needed, blood is only able to reach these muscles if it is redistributed

Question 26

what happens to the redistribution of blood during rest?

Answer 26

higher proportion of blood flow is directed toward organs

Question 27

what happens to the redistribution of blood during exercise?

Answer 27

-higher proportion of blood is sent to the muscles
-therefore during exercise the body alters its priorities and redirects blood

Question 28

what are the short term effects of exercise on the muscular system?

Answer 28

-during aerobic exercise, more oxygen diffuses into the working muscles
-if the exercise becomes too intense the muscles will be forced to work anaerobically
-this results in the blood leaving the muscles containing a lower level of oxygen and higher level of by products