Ch. 6: Gene Interaction Flashcards
What is the One-gene-one-enzyme (polypeptide) hypothesis?
One gene specifies one enzyme; stains would not grow on one medium unless supplemented with various vitamins, amino acids, etc.
Studies with fungus
Neurospopora Studies
What did Srb/Horowitz uncover?
The synthetic pathway for arginine; precursor ->
Gene interaction
When genes interact in various ways to produce a given character
Double Mutants
Need to form double mutants to detect gene interactions; must know what each separate meant does and must make sure
Complementation Test (Cis/Trans Test)
Crossing mutants to see whether the two mutants are the same or different ; mutants must construct in the Trans position
What does it mean when two different mutants are crosses and get Complementation?
Must mean that there are two different genes involved
Ex. Corn snakes have two different loci for color
9:3:3:1 Modifications
Suggests that genes are interacting in some way; several modifications of 9:3:3:1 are possible but all combinations will have these four numbers
Epistasis
Occurs when genes at different loci control the expression of the same character
Dominant Epistasis
Two genes in the same pathway interact
Ex. Foxgloves- phenotype is PETAL color. One affects color intensity and another where pigment is deposited. Could leave the throat white and petals with color or vice versa
Suppression
Some genes suppress the action of others
Ex. A mutant reverts to wild type in presence of suppressor gene at another locus (purple eyes in Drosophilia is mutant and wild type is red)
Genetic Environment
Genes have effects on other genes, either directly or because of their location
Heterochromatin Region
Areas of the chromosome that are not genetically active
Biosynthetic Pathways
Alleles at a genetic loci act by producing molecules, typically enzymes
Developmental Pathways
Alleles at genetic loci that act to lead to growth and differentiation