Test 10, Chapter 10

Question 1

Mars’s two moons are Deimos and

Answer 1

Phobos

Question 2

What is the largest moon in the solar system?

Answer 2

Ganymede

Question 3

A Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is a two-dimensional graph that compares stars by their temperature and

Answer 3

brightness

Question 4

The Summer Triangle is formed of the stars Deneb, Vega, and

Answer 4

Altair

Question 5

During what phase of the moon is the entire sunlit side visible?

Answer 5

full moon

Question 6

the orbits of the planets are symmetrical ovals called

Answer 6

ellipses

Question 7

frozen chunks of ice and dust that orbit the sun are called

Answer 7

comets

Question 8

The explosion of a star is called a

Answer 8

supernova

Question 9

The convection cells that cover the sun’s visible surface are called

Answer 9

granules

Question 10

What are the flamelike columns of gas that continually erupt from the lowest layer of the sun’s atmosphere?

Answer 10

spicules

Question 11

What is the visible portion of the sun

Answer 11

photosphere

Question 12

What galaxy shape is the Milky Way

Answer 12

barred spiral

Question 13

What unit of measurement is approximately equal to the distance between the sun and the earth?

Answer 13

astronomical unit

Question 14

You will label the following constellations:

Answer 14

Cassiopeia, Taurus, Ursa Major, Orion, Cygnus

Question 15

19. describes Venus’s backwards rotation on its axis

Answer 15

retrograde

Question 16

20. name for the period of time that the moon takes to orbit the earth

Answer 16

lunar month

Question 17

21. imaginary sphere with Earth at the center and the heavenly bodies on its inner surface

Answer 17

celestial sphere

Question 18

22. imaginary “band” in the sky in which the sun, moon, and planets travel

Answer 18

zodiac

Question 19

23. the two planets between which the asteroid belt is located

Answer 19

Mars, Jupiter

Question 20

25. an object that orbits another object

Answer 20

satellite

Question 21

26. describes a star that is always above the horizon to an observer at a particular location

Answer 21

circumpolar

Question 22

27. What group of small, icy objects orbit the sun outside the orbit of the outermost planet?

Answer 22

Kuiper belt

Question 23

28. The observed brightness that a star would have to an observer located 10 parsecs away is the ____ magnitude

Answer 23

absolute

Question 24

29. what is the cloud of gas and dust that surrounds the center of a comet?

Answer 24

coma

Question 25

30. who developed the law of universal gravitation

Answer 25

Isaac Newton

Question 26

31. what is a rapidly rotating star that emits directional beams of radio waves?

Answer 26

pulsar

Question 27

32. what Latin word is used to refer to the lunar “seas”

Answer 27

mare

Question 28

33. Which scientific law states the relationship between a planet’s period and average distance from the sun?

Answer 28

third law of planetary motion

Question 29

34. What is the apparent change in the position of an object caused by an actual change in the position of the observer?

Answer 29

parallax

Question 30

35. What is the largest galaxy in the Local Group?

Answer 30

Andromeda galaxy

Question 31

36. Which category of stars includes the sun?

Answer 31

main sequence

Question 32

37. With which planet do the Trojan asteroids share an orbit?

Answer 32

Jupiter

Question 33

38. What is an object so massive and dense that not even light can escape its gravity?

Answer 33

black hole

Question 34

39. the largest planet in our solar system

Answer 34

Jupiter

Question 35

40. known for its ring system

Answer 35

Saturn

Question 36

41. the outermost planet in our solar system

Answer 36

Neptune

Question 37

42. the fastest-moving planet

Answer 37

Mercury

Question 38

43. sometimes called the “morning star” and “evening star”

Answer 38

Venus

Question 39

44. gas giant that seems to lie on its side

Answer 39

Uranus

Question 40

45. notable feature is Olympus Mons

Answer 40

Mars

Question 41

46. A planet’s closest approach to the sun is ____

Answer 41

perihelion

Question 42

47. The idea that the earth is at the center of the universe and that the sun, planets, and stars all revolve around the earth is the _______ view.

Answer 42

geocentric

Question 43

48. A small rock from space that is burning up as it passes through Earth’s atmosphere is a

Answer 43

meteor

Question 44

49. A large cloud of gas and dust in space is called a

Answer 44

nebula

Question 45

50. the phenomenon in which the moon passes between the sun and the earth is a _____ eclipse.

Answer 45

solar

Question 46

51. The study of God’s creation beyond the atmosphere is

Answer 46

astronomy

Question 47

52. A small group of stars that is used to form a picture or represent an object is an

Answer 47

asterism

Question 48

53. vega

Answer 48

Lyra

Question 49

54. Sirius

Answer 49

Canis Major

Question 50

55. Spica

Answer 50

Virgo

Question 51

56. Aldebaran

Answer 51

Taurus

Question 52

57. castor

Answer 52

Gemini

Question 53

58. Polaris

Answer 53

Ursa Minor

Question 54

59. Betelgeuse

Answer 54

Orion

Question 55

60. Regulus

Answer 55

Leo

Question 56

Compare and contrast binary stars, open clusters, and globular clusters.

Answer 56

1. A binary star is a system in which two stars are bound together by gravity; these two stars circle each other in the same way that the moon revolves around the earth.
2. Open clusters are loose, asymmetrical clumps containing tens to hundreds, and occasionally thousands, of stars.
3. Globular clusters are tightly clumped spherical groups of thousands or millions of stars that travel outside the boundaries of the Milky Way in unusual orbits around the galaxy’s center.