Complex Carbohydrates

Question 0

Starch

Answer 0

10-30% alpha- amylase 70-90% alpha-amylopectin

Question 1

Polysaccharides

Answer 1

Polymers of sugars, both free and complexed to proteins and lipids. Important for storage, structure, recognition

Question 2

Glycogen

Answer 2

Major storage polysaccharide, big polymer, highly branched, stored in liver and skeletal muscle, degrade from non reducing end

Question 3

Cellulose

Answer 3

Structural polysaccharide, cell wall of plants

Question 4

Glucosaminoglycans

Answer 4

Linear chains of repeating disaccharides in which one unit is an amino sugar and one or both is negatively charged

Question 5

Heparin

Answer 5

Glycosaminoglycan, very high negative charge, natural anticoagulant

Question 6

Hyaluronates

Answer 6

Glucosaminoglycan, component of vitreous humor of the eye and the synovial fluid, lubricant fluid of the body’s joints

Question 7

Chondroitins/keratin sulfates

Answer 7

Glycosaminoglycan, found in tendons, cartilage, other connective tissue

Question 8

Dermatan sulfate

Answer 8

Glycosaminoglycan, component of the extracellular matrix of the skin

Question 9

Cell wall of gram positive bacteria

Answer 9

Peptidoglycan layers

Question 10

Cell wall of gram negative bacteria

Answer 10

Outer and inner lipid layers, peptidoglycan in middle

Question 11

Peptidoglycan

Answer 11

Alternating polymer if n-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and n-acetylnmuramic acid (NAM), beta-1,4- linkage

Question 12

Animal cell walls

Answer 12

Diversity of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, these regulate cell cell recognition and interaction

Question 13

Glycoproteins

Answer 13

Sugar modifications of proteins and enzymes

N or O linked

Question 14

Glycoproteins promote protein folding

Answer 14

Making intermediates more soluble, sequential modifications act as recognition marks for other factors including chaperones and lectins

Question 15

N linked saccharides

Answer 15

Attached via the amide nitrogens of asparagine residues

Question 16

O linked saccharides

Answer 16

Attached to the hydroxyl groups of serine, threonine, and hydroxylysine

Question 17

Structure of gram positive peptidoglycan

Answer 17

The cross link between tetrapeptides is pentaglycine bridge

Question 18

Structure of gram negative peptidoglycan

Answer 18

The linkage between tetrapeptide segments involves direct amide bonds

Question 19

Cis Golgi network

Answer 19

Sorting- phosphorylation of oligosaccharides on lysosomal proteins

Question 20

Cis cisterna

Answer 20

Removal of Man

Question 21

Medial cisterna

Answer 21

Removal of Man, addition of GlcNAc

Question 22

Trans cisterna

Answer 22

Addiction of Gal, addition of NANA

Question 23

Trans Golgi network

Answer 23

Sulfation of tyrosines and carbohydrates