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World Civ 2 > LQ 3: Napoleon - Industrial Revolution > Flashcards

LQ 3: Napoleon - Industrial Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

When did the second phase of the French Revolution begin?

A

August 1792

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2
Q

What was the Jacobin Party?

A

A political party in France that believed the revolution didn’t go far enough. They disliked the distinction of “active” and “passive” citizens.

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3
Q

Who led the Jacobin Party?

A

Robespierre

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4
Q

What happened at the National Convention?

A

France was declared a republic. Several political parties met to make a new constitution.

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5
Q

What was the Committee of Public Safety?

A

The executive branch of the new government.

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6
Q

Who led the Committee of Public Safety?

A

Robespierre, the leader of the Jacobins.

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7
Q

How did Robespierre use the Committee?

A

He used it as a spy network, in an attempt to squelch any opposition to the republic.

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8
Q

What was the “Reign of Terror?”

A

It was the name given to series of events in which Robespierre killed 40,000 people (within the first year) he suspected of opposing the republic.

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9
Q

What ended the “Reign of Terror?” When did it happen?

A

It ended in July 1799 when Robespierre was executed via guillotine. This happened because he started to kill other leaders, and they weren’t going to have it.

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10
Q

Why did many other countries declare war on France around 1792?

A

The countries did not want the influence of a republic near their borders (they didn’t want to lose control of their subjects).

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11
Q

What did the Constitution of 1795 do?

A

It made France a republic. There was no longer a king and there was universal male suffrage.

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12
Q

What was “The Directory?”

A

A 5 man council that held executive power in the Republic.

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13
Q

Where was Napoleon born?

A

Corsica, from which he held nobility.

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14
Q

Where was Napoleon educated?

A

In a military academy in Paris.

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15
Q

What were some characteristics of Napoleon? (4)

A
  1. He had a huge ego, believing that fate destined him for greatness.
  2. He was a man of the Enlightenment.
  3. He was extremely intelligent and a great multitasker.
  4. He was a mathematician (hence his quantitative approach to war).
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16
Q

When was France planning on invading Austria?

A

Around 1796/1797.

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17
Q

What role did Napoleon play in the French invasion of Austria?

A

He led an army to the south with the mission of distracting the Austrian army. His success proved much more useful than that of a mere diversion, and as such, the Austrians asked him for peace.

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18
Q

What is “Campo Formio?”

A

It was the treaty signed by Austria in 1797 after their surrender to Napoleon.

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19
Q

Due to his success in the war with Austria, what did The Directory do for Napoleon?

A

They named him “Protector of the Directory.”

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20
Q

Who was Horatio Nelson?

A

He was a leader in the British Navy. He was a thorn in Napoleon’s side until his death.

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21
Q

When did Napoleon overthrow the government and what did he do next?

A

In 1799, he launched a coup and declared himself First Consul. The French love him.

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22
Q

When did Napoleon declare himself Emperor?

A

1805.

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23
Q

What were the Napoleonic reforms? (4)

A
  1. Napoleonic Code of 1807 - liberal and equal law code
  2. Careers open to talent (meritocracy)
  3. Mass public education system
  4. Concordat of 1801 - resolved riffs between Catholic Church and French government
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24
Q

Why was Napoleon’s army so successful? (5)

A
  1. Personal training - trained in elite military schools
  2. Flexibility - no dogma, all practicality in warfare
  3. Efficient troop movement
  4. Inspired masses with his presence
  5. Napoleon personally led troops
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25
Q

If Napoleon was to conquer England, what must he first do?

A

He had to control the English channel, a very difficult feat.

26
Q

What happened in (and when was) the Battle of Trafalgar?

A

In 1805, the British Navy defeated the combined navies of France and Spain. Horatio Nelson died in combat.

27
Q

What was the Continental System?

A

An economic blockade against Britain by Napoleon.

28
Q

Why did the Continental System not work?

A

Because Europe needed Britain more than Britain needed Europe. Britain was industrially revolutionized and more economically powerful than the rest.

29
Q

What did Napoleon do to 300 German kingdoms?

A

He reduced that number to 39 provinces and by doing so, he unintentionally created a sense of a national Germany.

30
Q

What was the Battle of Friedland?

A

It was a battle in 1807 in which the French defeated the Russians. Napoleon forced Alexander I into a treaty.

31
Q

What was the Tilsit Treaty?

A

It was the treaty signed by Alexander I of Russia after Napoleon defeated them. It brought Russia into the continental system.

32
Q

Why did Russia no longer honor the Tilsit Treaty? What happened afterwards?

A

Because Russia was very economically dependent upon Britain and could not afford to cut off trade with them. As a result, France invaded Russia in 1812.

33
Q

What was the initial Russian strategy to the invading French Armies?

A

They would retreat and burn villages and resources behind them, so that the French armies could not use them for resources.

34
Q

When did the Russians finally dig in and fight back (rather than implementing a scorched earth policy)?

A

The Battle of Borodino in September 1812. 100 miles outside of Moscow, the armies fought and the French won, though suffering heavy casualties. French armies soon captured Moscow.

35
Q

What forced the French to retreat?

A

The winter of 1812. The French armies could not handle the Russian winter due to lack of resources and bitter cold. Hundreds of thousands of French troops died and many fled. The Russians followed them and attacked.

36
Q

What was the Quadruple Alliance?

A

The alliance of Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria against France.

37
Q

What happened at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813?

A

The Quad Alliance defeated Napoleon.

38
Q

Where was Napoleon initially exiled to?

A

St. Elba

39
Q

After taking Napoleon out of the picture, who was brought to power in France by the Quad Alliance?

A

Louis XVIII of the Bourbon Dynasty.

40
Q

What was the “100 Days Reign?”

A

It was the period of time when Napoleon was back in power after escaping St. Elba. It lasted about 100 days.

41
Q

When and where was Napoleon finally defeated?

A

The Battle of Waterloo in 1815.

42
Q

Where was Napoleon exiled to, the second time around?

A

St. Helena, a very remote island.

43
Q

An industrial revolution comes into play when what 2 things happen?

A
  1. When physical power is being replaced by inanimate power.

2. The domestic system is being replaced by the factory system.

44
Q

What is the simplified process of a factory?

A

Raw materials go in, finished products come out.

45
Q

What’s the difference between domestic and factory systems?

A

Domestic system: work goes to workers (at home)

Factory system: Workers go to work

46
Q

In which industry did the Industrial Revolution first occur?

A

The textile industry (in Britain).

47
Q

What new fabric showed up in Europe during the Industrial Revolution?

A

Cotton

48
Q

When and where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

A

In England around 1750.

49
Q

What were 3 reasons the I.R. began in England? (1-3)

A
  1. Adequate sources of power.
  2. Great canals and ports
  3. Temperate climate
50
Q

What were 3 other reasons the I.R. began in England? (4-6)

A
  1. Concentrated world knowledge
  2. British were open to new ideas
  3. Gov’t was kind to business
51
Q

In what ways did the steam engine help things?

A

The steam engine allowed for an energy supply that was more localized than in the past.

52
Q

What was the big revolution in the transportation industry?

A

Railroads

53
Q

Who invented the cotton gin?

A

Eli Whitney

54
Q

Who invented the morse code?

A

Samuel Morse

55
Q

Who invented a suitable electrical generator (and lightbulb)?

A

Thomas Edison

56
Q

Who invented the telephone?

A

Alexander Graham Bell

57
Q

Who invented the gasoline powered combustion engine?

A

Gottlieb Daimler

58
Q

Who invented the oil powered combustion engine?

A

Rudolph Diesel

59
Q

What were the 3 main downsides of the I.R.?

A
  1. Urbanization
  2. Exploitation of women and children
  3. Psychological challenges
60
Q

What was urbanization a problem during the I.R.?

A

Cities were not prepared for the numbers of people that came in. It happened too rapidly and the infrastructure was inadequate.

61
Q

Why were women and children taken advantage of?

A
  1. They were more obedient than men
  2. They worked at a cheaper rate.
  3. They had smaller hands, great for working with textiles.
62
Q

What were the 3 reasons the I.R. was psychologically challenging?

A
  1. Alien world - from rural life to urban life
  2. Independence to dependence - working at your own rate vs a boss and long work days.
  3. Time is of the essence, no breaks!

World Civ 2 (7 decks)

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