Chapter 22 wkbk: test 2

Question 1

thyroid hormone important for maintaining a dense, strong bone matrix and regulating the blood calcium level

Answer 1

calcitonin

Question 2

refers to a normal functioning thyroid gland

Answer 2

euthyroid

Question 3

oversecretion of thyroid hormones

Answer 3

hyperthyroidism

Question 4

low phosphate level associated with hyperparathyroidism

Answer 4

hypophosphatasia

Question 5

undersecretion of thyroid hormones

Answer 5

hypothyroidism

Question 6

small piece of thyroid tissue that connects the right and left lobes of the gland

Answer 6

isthmus

Question 7

wedge-shaped muscle posterior to the thyroid gland

Answer 7

longus colli muscles

Question 8

hormone secreted by parathyroid glands that regulates serum calcium levels

Answer 8

parathyroid hormone

Question 9

present in small percentage of patients; extends superiorly from the isthmus

Answer 9

pyramidal lobe

Question 10

laboratory value that is elevated with hyperparathyroidism

Answer 10

serum calcium

Question 11

large muscles anterolateral to the thyroid

Answer 11

sternocleidomastoid muscles

Question 12

group of three muscles (sternothyroid, sternohyoid, and omohyoid) that lies anterior to the thyroid

Answer 12

strap muscles

Question 13

hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Answer 13

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 14

remnant of embryonic development that appears as a cyst in the neck

Answer 14

brachial cleft cyst

Question 15

use of a fine-gauge needle to obtain cells from a mass

Answer 15

fine-needle aspiration

Question 16

disorder associated with elevated serum calcium level, usually caused by a benign parathyroid adenoma

Answer 16

hyperparathyroidism

Question 17

disorder characterized by a localized or generalized enlargement of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels

Answer 17

lymphadenopathy

Question 18

enlargement of the multiple parathyroid glands

Answer 18

parathyroid hyperplasia

Question 19

oversecretion of parathyroid hormone, usually from a parathyroid adenoma

Answer 19

primary hyperparathyroidism

Question 20

enlargement of parathyroid glands in patients with renal failure or vitamin D deficiency

Answer 20

secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 21

congenital anomalies that present in the midline of the neck anterior to the trachea

Answer 21

thyroglossal duct cysts

Question 22

benign thyroid neoplasm characterized by complete fibrous encapsulation

Answer 22

adenoma

Question 23

rare, undifferentiated carcinoma occurring in middle age

Answer 23

anaplastic carcinoma

Question 24

occurs as a solitary malignant mass within the thyroid gland

Answer 24

follicular carcinoma

Question 25

enlargement of the thyroid gland that can be focal or diffuse; multiple nodules may be present

Answer 25

goiter

Question 26

autoimmune disorder characterized by a diffuse toxic goiter, bulging eyes, and cutaneous manifestations

Answer 26

Graves’ disease

Question 27

chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland caused by the formation of antibodies against normal thyroid tissue

Answer 27

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Question 28

neoplastic growth that accounts for 10% of thyroid malignancies

Answer 28

medullary carcinoma

Question 29

tiny echogenic foci within a nodule that may or may not shadow

Answer 29

microcalcification

Question 30

nodular enlargement of the thyroid associated with hyperthyroidism

Answer 30

multinodular goiter

Question 31

degenerative nodules within the thyroid

Answer 31

nodular hyperplasia

Question 32

most common form of thyroid malignancy

Answer 32

papillary carcinoma

Question 33

viral infection of the thyroid that causes inflammation

Answer 33

subacute (de Quervain’s) thyroiditis

Question 34

inflammation of the thyroid

Answer 34

thyroiditis