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Spring:Abd > Chapter 21/23 wkbk: test 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 21/23 wkbk: test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

glandular (milk-producing) component of the breast lobule

A

acinus (acini)

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2
Q

the pigmented skin surrounding the breast nipple

A

areola

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3
Q

armpit

A

axilla

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4
Q

differentiated apocrine sweat gland with a functional purpose of secreting milk during lactation

A

breast

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5
Q

connective tissue septa that connect perpendicularly to the breast lobules and extend out to the skin

A

Cooper’s ligaments

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6
Q

middle layer of the breast tissue that contains the ductal, glandular, and stromal portions of the breast

A

mammary layer

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7
Q

deepest of the three layers of the breast noted on breast ultrasound

A

retromammary layer

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8
Q

most superficial of the three layers of the breast identified on breast ultrasound

A

subcutaneous layer

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9
Q

normal extension of breast tissue into the axillary region

A

tail of Spence

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10
Q

smallest functional portion of the breast involving the terminal duct and its associated lobule containing at least one acinus

A

terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU)

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11
Q

plane of imaging on ultrasound of the breast that is perpendicular to the radial plane of imaging

A

antiradial

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12
Q

without symptoms

A

asymptomatic

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13
Q

trademark system created by the American College of Radialogy (ACR) to standardize mammographic reporting terminology, categorize breast abnormalities according to the level of suspicion for malignancy, and facilitate outcome monitoring

A

breast imaging reporting and data system

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14
Q

part of breast cancer screening best done at the end of menses each month

A

breast self-examination

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15
Q

part of breast cancer screening done by a health care provider

A

clinical breast examination

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16
Q

type of breast imaging examination that is more intensive than routine screening mammography

A

diagnostic breast imaging

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17
Q

refers to vibrations produced by phonation and felt through the chest wall during palpation

A

fremitus

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18
Q

near the chest wall

A

juxtathoracic

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19
Q

echo texture that is more echogenic than the surrounding tissue

A

hyperechoic

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20
Q

can be felt of clinical examination

A

palpable

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21
Q

echotexture that resembles the surrounding tissue

A

isoechoic

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22
Q

plane of imaging on ultrasound of the breast

A

radial

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23
Q

represents the first lymph node along the axillary node chain

A

sentinel node

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24
Q

finger-like extension of a malignant tumor

A

spiculation

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25
Q

cannot be felt on clinical examination

A

nonpalpable

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26
Q

without echoes

A

anechoic

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27
Q

having relatively weak echoes

A

hypoechoic

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28
Q

common diagnostic and interventional procedure that involves placing a needle through the skin of the breast into a cystic mass and pulling fluid out of the cyst through the needle

A

cyst aspiration

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29
Q

preventive care that includes annual screening mammography (starting at age 40), monthly breast self-examination, and regular clinical breast examination

A

breast cancer screening

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30
Q

overgrowth of the stromal and epithelial elements of the acini within terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU) of the breast

A

adenosis

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31
Q

form of fibrocystic change in which the epithelial cells of the acini undergo alteration

A

apocrine metaplasia

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32
Q

the pathologist recognizes some, but not all, of the features of ductal carcinoma in situ

A

atypical ductal hyperplasia

33
Q

abnormal proliferation of cells with atypical features involving the TDLU, with an increased likelihood of evolving into breast cancer

A

atypical hyperplasia

34
Q

shows some, but not all, of the features of lobular carcinoma in situ

A

atypical lobular hyperplasia

35
Q

fluid-filled sac of variable size

A

cyst

36
Q

proliferation (hyperplasia) of epithelial cells lining the terminal duct-lobular unit

A

epithelial hyperplasia

37
Q

most common benign solid tumor of the breast, consisting primarily of fibrous and epithelial tissue elements

A

fibroadenoma

38
Q

condition that represents different, essentially normal, tissue processes within the breast that in some patients become

A

fibrocystic condition

39
Q

surface erosion of the nipple characterized by redness with flaking and crusting caused by direct invasion of the skin of the nipple by underlying breast cancer

A

Paget’s disease

40
Q

descriptive term for skin thinkening of a breast that resembles the skin of an orange

A

peau d’orange

41
Q

cancer of the ductal epithelium; most common general category of breast cancer, accounting for aprox 85% of all breast cancers

A

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

42
Q

cancer of the lobular epithelium of the breast, arises at the level of the TDLU

A

infiltrating lobular carcinoma

43
Q

echo texture that resembles the surrounding tissue

A

isoechoic

44
Q

neither considered a true cancer nor treated as such

A

lobular carcinoma in situ

45
Q

term preferred by many authors to replace LCIS and atypical hyperplasia

A

lobular neoplasia

46
Q

breast cancer occurring in different quadrants of the breast at least 5cm apart

A

multicentric breast cancer

47
Q

breast cancer occurring in more than one site within the same quadrant of the same ductal system of the breast

A

multifocal breast cancer

48
Q

involves two main types of cells (ductal and lobular)

A

breast cancer

49
Q

hypertrophy of residual ductal elements that persist behind the nipple in the male

A

gynecomastia

50
Q

an extension of the internal oblique muscle that descends to the testis with the spermatic cord

A

cremasteric muscle

51
Q

connect the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens to the urethra at the verumontanum

A

ejaculatory ducts

52
Q

anatomic structure formed by the network of ducts leaving the mediastinum testis that combine into a single, convoluted epididymal tubule

A

epididymis

53
Q

central linear structure formed by the convergence of multiple, thin srptations within the testicle, which are invaginations of the tunica albuginea

A

mediastinum testis

54
Q

plexus of veins in the spermatic cord that drain into the right and left testicular veins

A

pampiniform plexus

55
Q

partially supply the scrotal wall and epididymis and occasionally the lower pole of the testis

A

pudendal artery

56
Q

sac containing the testes and epididymis

A

scrotum

57
Q

reservoirs for sperm located posterior to the bladder

A

seminal vesicles

58
Q

multiple septa formed from the tunica albuginea that course toward the mediastinum testis and separate the testicle into lobules

A

septa testis

59
Q

structure made up of vas deferens, testicular artery, cremasteric artery, and pampiniform plexus that suspends the testis in the scrotum

A

spermatic cord

60
Q

male gonad that produces hormones that include masculine features and spermatozoa

A

testicle

61
Q

artery arising from the aorta just distal to each renal artery

A

testicular artery

62
Q

inner fibrous membrane surrounding the testicle

A

tunica albuginea

63
Q

membrane consisting of a visceral layer and a parietal layer lining the inner wall of the scrotum

A

tunica vaginalis

64
Q

small membranous canal that extends from the bladder to the end of the penis

A

urethra

65
Q

tube that connects the epididymis to the seminal vesicle

A

vas deferens

66
Q

junction of the ejaculatory ducts with the urethra

A

verumontanum

67
Q

terminal intratesticular arteries arising from the capsular arteries

A

centripetal artery

68
Q

small artery arising from the inferior epigastric artery, which supplies the peritesticular tissue, including the cremasteric muscle

A

cremasteric artery

69
Q

arises from the vesicle artery and supplies the vas deferens and epididymis

A

deferential artery

70
Q

terminal ends of the centripetal arteries that curve backward toward the capsule

A

recurrent rami

71
Q

formed by the pampiniform plexus

A

testicular vein

72
Q

testicles remain within the abdomen or groin and fail to descend into the scrotal sac

A

cryptorchidism

73
Q

cyst filled with clear, serous fluid located in the epididymis

A

epididymal cyst

74
Q

blood located between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis

A

hematocele

75
Q

fluid formed between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis

A

hydrocele

76
Q

pus located between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis

A

pyocele

77
Q

network of the channels formed by the convergence of the straight seminiferous tubules in the mediastinum testis

A

rete testis

78
Q

cyst in the vas deferens containing sperm

A

spermatocele

79
Q

dilated veins in the pampiniform plexus caused by obstruction of the venous return from the testicle

A

varicocele

Spring:Abd (6 decks)

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