021115 male prostate pathology

Question 1

zone where most cancer in the prostate occurs

Answer 1

peripheral zone (posterior)

Question 2

zone where benign hyperplasia (BPH) occurs in prostate

Answer 2

transition zone

Question 3

normal prostate on histology

Answer 3

double layer of cells-secretory and basal

basal stem cells are absent in prostate cancer

Question 4

acute and chronic prostatis’ effect on serum PSA

Answer 4

can raise the serum PSA above normal

Question 5

what accounts for 95% of prostatitis?

Answer 5

chronic nonbacterial prostatitis-prostatitis w/o UTI or positive cultures. possible organisms are chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma urealyticum, trichomonas vaginalis

Question 6

BPH

Answer 6

proliferation of the GLANDS and STROMA in transition zone of the prostate (wraps around the urethra)

is androgen-DEPENDENT. chiefly caused by DHT

PSA can be mildly elevated. neither sensitive nor specific (PSA elevated in inflam, cancer too). rarely increases PSA to over 10

Question 7

symptoms of BPH

Answer 7

urinary frequency
incomplete emptying
nocturia
dysuria

Question 8

tx for BPH

Answer 8

resection

medications

Question 9

what is the precursors to invasive cancer of prostate?

Answer 9

high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

Question 10

incidence of prostate cancer by age

Answer 10

increases after 40s

Question 11

risk factor for prostate cancer

Answer 11

family hx of prostate cancer

African American men

Question 12

what is key consideration for management and prognosis of prostate cancer?

Answer 12

whether tumor has gotten outside of the prostate–which would be stage T3 and beyond

Question 13

prostate cancer spreads to where often?

Answer 13

seminal vesicles

Question 14

when prostate cancer spreads to bones, what can you see?

Answer 14

low back/pelvic pain
serum prostate alkaline phosphatase is increased
serum PSA markedly increased

Question 15

BPH is not a risk factor for prostate cancer: true or false

Answer 15

true