3.4: Winging Down CR

Question 1

‘Up to the mountains, down to the villages’ campaign 1968

Answer 1

re-educate youth, reduce urban unemployment, stop destruction (as it is complete)
disperse Red Guard groups, focus shifted from radical policies to agricultural work
Mao doubted by most zealous supporters, youth felt betrayed
PLA ++ power as they ran farms

Question 2

Restoring order by PLA

Answer 2

Red Guards too violent, undermining PLA
Disband Red Guards 1968, their newspapers shut down
Revolutionary Committees 1967 to ensure military control of gov
PLA ++ power

Question 3

Zhou and Deng: WHY?

Answer 3

Mao is more pragmatic
Recognition of damage by Red Guards
Deng brought back to train Mao’s successor
Lin Biao’s death undermines radical/ideologue position
Economic crisis, Zhou Enlai used to stabilise China and Deng Xiaoping had lots of expertise

Question 4

Zhou and Deng: Economic reform

Answer 4

University entrance exams reintroduced to boost educational standing (meritocratic system)
‘4 modernisations’ (had been advocated by Zhou since 1963) (Agriculture, Industry, Defence, & Science (tech)
Mao undermined (proven wrong)