3.4.2 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

What tool do you use to determine a person’s risk for ASCVD? What group of patients cannot have their risk calculated using this tool?

Answer 1

ASCVD Risk Estimator, LDL > 190 mg/dL

Question 2

What are the AHA/ACC recommendations for dietary patterns? How should this be adapted? What is the desired physical activity

Answer 2

vegetable, fruits, and whole grains; includes low-fat dairy products, poultry, fish, legumes, non-tropical vegetable oils and nuts; limits sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages and red meats

Adapt for calorie nedds, food/cultural preferences, and nutrition therapy for co-morbid conditions

2.5hrs/wk of aerobic physical activity

Question 3

What 4 lifestyle modifications can reduce CVD risk?

Answer 3

Healthy diet, exercise, weight loss/control, small amounts of alcohol (do shots instead of chugs)

Question 4

What are the three dietary patterns covered in this lecture?

Answer 4

Mediterranean, DASH, Portfolio

Question 5

What is the main reduction that results from the mediterranean diet?

Answer 5

LDL

Question 6

What are the servings of different food groups in the mediterranean diet?

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the 2013 AHA/ACA guidlines for BP lowering?

Answer 7

Lower sodium intake and 3-4 sessions/wk of 40 min/session at moderate-vigorous intensity

Question 8

What is the main reduction associated with the DASH diet?

Answer 8

HTN

Question 9

What are the recommendations of the DASH diet?

Answer 9

Question 10

What are the positive results of the portfolio diet?

Answer 10

LDL decreased

HDL not depressed

No change in BP

Question 11

What are the adds/substitutes of the Portfolio diet?

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

D

Question 13

Answer 13

A

Question 14

What is benefical about fruits and vegetables that aren’t usually included in supplements?

Answer 14

Co-travelers: polyphenols, MUFA, K, solube and insoluble fiber, vitamins and minerals

Question 15

What are whole grains rich in?

Answer 15

Fiber

Question 16

What are the two types of fiber and their roles in promoting health?

Answer 16

Insoluble: Scrub brush associated with decreased CVD risk

Soluble: The sponge that reduces LDL-C

Question 17

What are eicosanoids (like omega-3) known to reduce?

Answer 17

Triglycerides

Also known to slightly raise HDL, lower BP

Question 18

Rule of thumb: For every 1% of energy from saturated fat replaced by PUFA reduces ____ by 2 mg/dL

Answer 18

LDL-C

Question 19

Why are trans fats bad?

Answer 19

Lowers HDL, raises LDL

Question 20

What popular cooking method increases the amount of trans fats?

Answer 20

Deep-fat frying

Question 21

Answer 21

D

Question 22

Answer 22

C

Question 23

Does gaining copious amounts of weight or maintaining a stable or appropriate BMI promote a salubrious life?

Answer 23

Maintaining BMI or even reducing

Question 24

Answer 24

Mediterranean

Question 25

Which diet has the most evidence in showing a decrease in CVD incidence and death?

Answer 25

Mediterranean